{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984727458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","title":"Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation","display_name":"Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984727458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","mag":"1984727458","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8218008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173111","display_name":"BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology","issn_l":"0306-5456","issn":["0306-5456","1365-215X","1470-0328","1471-0528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031394822","display_name":"Anthony A. Fryer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-0404","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-0404"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Fryer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent, UK","School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke-on-Trent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke-on-Trent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087783507","display_name":"Peter W. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-3527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-3527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000113898","display_name":"Richard C. Strange","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-6348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-6348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Strange","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke on Trent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075595875","display_name":"Robert Hume","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Hume","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110028732","display_name":"Jeanne E. Bell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110028732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":5190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10250065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":"9","first_page":"850","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12068","display_name":"Neonatal Health and Biochemistry","score":0.2572999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12068","display_name":"Neonatal Health and Biochemistry","score":0.2572999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10978","display_name":"Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics","score":0.19480000436306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.121799997985363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-fetoprotein","display_name":"alpha-fetoprotein","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albumin","display_name":"albumin","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prealbumin","display_name":"prealbumin","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-1-antitrypsin","display_name":"alpha-1-antitrypsin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferrin","display_name":"transferrin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceruloplasmin","display_name":"ceruloplasmin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-protein","display_name":"total protein","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-age","display_name":"gestational age","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-development","display_name":"fetal development","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newborns","display_name":"neonates","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121157162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419999","display_name":"Transthyretin","level":2,"score":0.9057987332344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.8485063314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.8197118639945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28452662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422752","display_name":"Ceruloplasmin","level":2,"score":0.7274839282035828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776125364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169219","display_name":"Albumin","level":2,"score":0.6261784434318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22814914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410473","display_name":"Transferrin","level":2,"score":0.5994734764099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146543888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425056","display_name":"Blood proteins","level":2,"score":0.5921883583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5595690608024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.517029345035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4960647523403168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3939536511898041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35549187660217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001798","descriptor_name":"Blood Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005312","descriptor_name":"Fetal Blood","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005865","descriptor_name":"Gestational Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173111","display_name":"BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology","issn_l":"0306-5456","issn":["0306-5456","1365-215X","1470-0328","1471-0528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8218008","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8218008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W629915700","https://openalex.org/W1965125714","https://openalex.org/W1966604274","https://openalex.org/W1977720801","https://openalex.org/W1986878425","https://openalex.org/W1987429698","https://openalex.org/W1989255982","https://openalex.org/W2008751118","https://openalex.org/W2011962521","https://openalex.org/W2016703823","https://openalex.org/W2019260305","https://openalex.org/W2020637568","https://openalex.org/W2027616724","https://openalex.org/W2036115032","https://openalex.org/W2042222240","https://openalex.org/W2042979067","https://openalex.org/W2051943760","https://openalex.org/W2071115523","https://openalex.org/W2083219458","https://openalex.org/W2112932637","https://openalex.org/W2113036204","https://openalex.org/W2120096160","https://openalex.org/W2124980843","https://openalex.org/W2139738061","https://openalex.org/W2315518205","https://openalex.org/W2316697474","https://openalex.org/W2468479000","https://openalex.org/W2485961481","https://openalex.org/W4231644431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071568035","https://openalex.org/W1977720801","https://openalex.org/W1971884224","https://openalex.org/W2415967696","https://openalex.org/W2131812446","https://openalex.org/W2409629716","https://openalex.org/W2032358261","https://openalex.org/W2035832612","https://openalex.org/W2148216007","https://openalex.org/W2424517715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"establish":[2],"reference":[3,132],"ranges":[4],"for":[5,134,149],"the":[6,20,43,48,52,79,97,100],"levels":[7,86,138],"of":[8,22,32,42,45,51,54,64,87,99,107,122,139],"alpha-fetoprotein,":[9],"albumin,":[10],"prealbumin":[11,90,140],"(transthyretin)":[12,141],"alpha-1-antitrypsin,":[13],"transferrin,":[14],"ceruloplasmin":[15],"and":[16,26,47,66,72,89,144],"total":[17,111],"protein":[18,82,112,151],"in":[19,152],"plasma":[21,81,126],"normal":[23,34,58,123],"human":[24,124],"fetuses":[25,59],"newborn":[27],"babies.":[28],"DESIGN:":[29],"Prospective":[30],"study":[31,118],"individual":[33,108],"cases":[35],"to":[36,61,110,128],"fulfil":[37],"objectives.":[38],"SETTING:":[39],"Pathology":[40],"laboratories":[41,50],"University":[44,53],"Edinburgh":[46],"biochemistry":[49],"Keele.":[55],"SUBJECTS:":[56],"Twenty-two":[57],"13":[60],"22":[62],"weeks":[63,74],"gestation":[65],"66":[67],"babies":[68],"born":[69],"between":[70],"24":[71],"41":[73],"gestation.":[75,84],"RESULTS:":[76],"Albumin":[77],"is":[78],"predominant":[80],"throughout":[83],"The":[85,105],"alpha-fetoprotein":[88],"fell":[91],"significantly":[92],"with":[93],"increasing":[94],"gestation,":[95],"whereas":[96],"concentrations":[98],"other":[101],"proteins":[102,109,127],"studied":[103],"increased.":[104],"ratios":[106],"demonstrated":[113],"similar":[114],"trends.":[115],"CONCLUSIONS:":[116],"This":[117],"provides":[119],"developmental":[120],"profiles":[121],"fetal":[125],"serve":[129],"as":[130],"possible":[131],"data":[133],"abnormal":[135],"fetuses.":[136],"Declining":[137],"were":[142],"unexpected":[143],"suggest":[145],"a":[146],"functional":[147],"role":[148],"this":[150],"early":[153],"pregnancy.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}