{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984645160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","title":"History of spine surgery in the ancient and medieval worlds","display_name":"History of spine surgery in the ancient and medieval worlds","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984645160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","mag":"1984645160","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","pdf_url":"https://thejns.org/downloadpdf/journals/neurosurg-focus/16/1/foc.2004.16.1.3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149215848","display_name":"Neurosurgical FOCUS","issn_l":"1092-0684","issn":["1092-0684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","medline","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgical Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://thejns.org/downloadpdf/journals/neurosurg-focus/16/1/foc.2004.16.1.3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058204780","display_name":"James T. Goodrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-4945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-4945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135976","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Montefiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0fp725","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135976"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Tait Goodrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leo Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA. goodrich@aecom.yu.edu","Leo Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leo Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA. goodrich@aecom.yu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210135976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leo Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Montefiore, Bronx, New York 10467, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210135976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058204780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210135976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":94.5127,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99867093,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.6074000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.6074000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.36820000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-spine-surgery","display_name":"history of spine surgery","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-medicine","display_name":"ancient medicine","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-medicine","display_name":"medieval medicine","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egyptian-medicine","display_name":"Egyptian medicine","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babylonian-medicine","display_name":"Babylonian medicine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-greek-medicine","display_name":"ancient Greek medicine","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-medicine","display_name":"Byzantine medicine","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-medicine","display_name":"Islamic medicine","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-practice","display_name":"surgical practice","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104562893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47591","display_name":"Byzantine architecture","level":2,"score":0.7782179117202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.5245404839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.5190787315368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205531365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35497","display_name":"Ancient Greek","level":2,"score":0.4905022978782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392570","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.4731805622577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4387394189834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4305836260318756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13456016778945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004285","descriptor_name":"Dogs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004534","descriptor_name":"Egypt","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006115","descriptor_name":"Greece","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008374","descriptor_name":"Manuscripts, Medical as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008512","descriptor_name":"Medicine in the Arts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009493","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009985","descriptor_name":"Orthopedics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013122","descriptor_name":"Spinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013122","descriptor_name":"Spinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013124","descriptor_name":"Spinal Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013124","descriptor_name":"Spinal Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013124","descriptor_name":"Spinal Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014143","descriptor_name":"Traction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018612","descriptor_name":"Byzantium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018643","descriptor_name":"Arab World","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019635","descriptor_name":"Neurosurgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049668","descriptor_name":"History, 15th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049691","descriptor_name":"History, Medieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","pdf_url":"https://thejns.org/downloadpdf/journals/neurosurg-focus/16/1/foc.2004.16.1.3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149215848","display_name":"Neurosurgical FOCUS","issn_l":"1092-0684","issn":["1092-0684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","medline","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgical Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15264780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgical focus","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.1.3","pdf_url":"https://thejns.org/downloadpdf/journals/neurosurg-focus/16/1/foc.2004.16.1.3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149215848","display_name":"Neurosurgical FOCUS","issn_l":"1092-0684","issn":["1092-0684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","medline","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316861","host_organization_name":"American Association of Neurological Surgeons","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316861"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Neurological Surgeons"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgical Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1984645160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1984645160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986464817","https://openalex.org/W1995035708","https://openalex.org/W2020083767","https://openalex.org/W2091438612","https://openalex.org/W2094728975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360790266","https://openalex.org/W7221827565","https://openalex.org/W4409766467","https://openalex.org/W4393195706","https://openalex.org/W4382680976","https://openalex.org/W2009654961","https://openalex.org/W2324706427","https://openalex.org/W2047331005","https://openalex.org/W4388051826","https://openalex.org/W2335806627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2],"paucity":[3],"of":[4,20,28,41,47,49,60,78],"surviving":[5],"texts":[6],"from":[7,44],"ancient":[8],"and":[9,32,34,54,63,82,86,91],"medieval":[10],"times":[11],"that":[12],"can":[13],"shed":[14],"light":[15],"on":[16],"the":[17,24,29,39,45,73],"early":[18,36,87],"development":[19],"spine":[21,42,69],"surgery.":[22],"Nevertheless,":[23],"author":[25],"reviews":[26],"many":[27],"available":[30],"books":[31],"fragments":[33],"discusses":[35],"developments":[37],"in":[38,68],"field":[40],"surgery":[43],"point":[46],"view":[48],"physicians'":[50],"personalities,":[51],"general":[52],"themes,":[53],"actual":[55],"surgical":[56],"practices.":[57],"For":[58],"purposes":[59],"an":[61],"overview":[62],"to":[64],"highlight":[65],"changing":[66],"trends":[67],"surgery,":[70],"he":[71],"divides":[72],"paper":[74],"into":[75],"four":[76],"eras":[77],"medicine:":[79],"1)":[80],"Egyptian":[81],"Babylonian;":[83],"2)":[84],"Greek":[85],"Byzantine;":[88],"3)":[89],"Arabic;":[90],"4)":[92],"medieval.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}