{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984527430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46","title":"The Dynamics of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex and Its Relation to Springtime Ozone Depletions","display_name":"The Dynamics of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex and Its Relation to Springtime Ozone Depletions","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984527430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46","mag":"1984527430","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17778602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.251.4989.46","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1984527430"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023168843","display_name":"M. R. Schoeberl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-8884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-8884"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Schoeberl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045723322","display_name":"Dennis L. Hartmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-7774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-7774"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis L. Hartmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.8947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":323,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99689296,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"251","issue":"4989","first_page":"46","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar-stratospheric-clouds","display_name":"polar stratospheric clouds","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/springtime-ozone-depletion","display_name":"springtime ozone depletion","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-ozone-hole","display_name":"Antarctic ozone hole","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-vorticity","display_name":"potential vorticity","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortex-breakup","display_name":"vortex breakup","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratospheric-dynamics","display_name":"stratospheric dynamics","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125405218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197111","display_name":"Polar vortex","level":3,"score":0.9071847796440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141810719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183140","display_name":"Ozone depletion","level":3,"score":0.8189260959625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.7761753797531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.674297034740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.6482045650482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88582754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1583422","display_name":"Sudden stratospheric warming","level":4,"score":0.6340267658233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.5734362602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157331469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418563","display_name":"Potential vorticity","level":4,"score":0.5009284019470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115719804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79995","display_name":"Ozone layer","level":3,"score":0.4912986159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.47914642095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061","display_name":"Northern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.4693858325481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4393237829208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.387691468000412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200114574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143513","display_name":"Vorticity","level":3,"score":0.2350025773048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19400548934936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18253877758979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.17501643300056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.251.4989.46","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4989.46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17778602","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17778602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289671557","https://openalex.org/W608359757","https://openalex.org/W1609650847","https://openalex.org/W1963978983","https://openalex.org/W1966269167","https://openalex.org/W1967329175","https://openalex.org/W1967981752","https://openalex.org/W1970509591","https://openalex.org/W1971212706","https://openalex.org/W1971328808","https://openalex.org/W1977103647","https://openalex.org/W1977889682","https://openalex.org/W1978047277","https://openalex.org/W1980053378","https://openalex.org/W1980823919","https://openalex.org/W1992507674","https://openalex.org/W1998902424","https://openalex.org/W2001854789","https://openalex.org/W2003239107","https://openalex.org/W2004754233","https://openalex.org/W2017636975","https://openalex.org/W2023636585","https://openalex.org/W2030256520","https://openalex.org/W2032444323","https://openalex.org/W2032728979","https://openalex.org/W2036249757","https://openalex.org/W2043162923","https://openalex.org/W2043591064","https://openalex.org/W2050484010","https://openalex.org/W2051533817","https://openalex.org/W2054650627","https://openalex.org/W2057838853","https://openalex.org/W2058506172","https://openalex.org/W2060471393","https://openalex.org/W2067064083","https://openalex.org/W2076363916","https://openalex.org/W2077933858","https://openalex.org/W2078419403","https://openalex.org/W2080802144","https://openalex.org/W2086793817","https://openalex.org/W2091100289","https://openalex.org/W2115609960","https://openalex.org/W2118912334","https://openalex.org/W2127024102","https://openalex.org/W2127632656","https://openalex.org/W2131367627","https://openalex.org/W2140015952","https://openalex.org/W2140744430","https://openalex.org/W2156689294","https://openalex.org/W2165412911","https://openalex.org/W2166626150","https://openalex.org/W2167449679","https://openalex.org/W2169101778","https://openalex.org/W2478895042","https://openalex.org/W4307237617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751172534","https://openalex.org/W325051345","https://openalex.org/W2040117582","https://openalex.org/W4200328734","https://openalex.org/W3100559085","https://openalex.org/W2027803711","https://openalex.org/W4281895093","https://openalex.org/W2085213602","https://openalex.org/W1972643189","https://openalex.org/W2952784547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dramatic":[0],"springtime":[1],"depletions":[2],"of":[3,17,28,33,54,72,78,94,101,109,133,147,157,179,185,205,224],"ozone":[4,64,126,161,188,219,232],"in":[5,141,182,229,234],"polar":[6,10,29,42,55,63,90,102,120,149,160],"regions":[7],"require":[8],"that":[9,70,105,117,166,209],"stratospheric":[11,30,40,121],"air":[12,103],"has":[13,169,212],"a":[14,213],"high":[15],"degree":[16],"dynamical":[18],"isolation":[19],"and":[20,59,75,111,116,200],"extremely":[21],"cold":[22,206],"temperatures":[23,207],"necessary":[24],"for":[25,173,217],"the":[26,39,52,76,85,99,106,118,125,131,134,137,148,153,158,174,177,183,186,194,197,201,225,230],"formation":[27],"clouds.":[31],"Both":[32],"these":[34],"conditions":[35],"are":[36,82],"produced":[37],"within":[38],"winter":[41,58],"vortex.":[43],"Recent":[44],"aircraft":[45,67],"missions":[46],"have":[47],"provided":[48],"new":[49],"information":[50],"about":[51,221],"structure":[53],"vortices":[56],"during":[57],"their":[60],"relation":[61],"to":[62,89],"depletions.":[65,162],"The":[66,92,144],"data":[68],"show":[69],"gradients":[71,97],"potential":[73],"vorticity":[74],"concentration":[77],"conservative":[79],"trace":[80],"species":[81],"large":[83],"at":[84,98],"transition":[86],"from":[87,130],"mid-latitude":[88],"air.":[91],"presence":[93],"such":[95],"sharp":[96],"boundary":[100],"implies":[104],"inward":[107],"mixing":[108],"heat":[110],"constituents":[112],"is":[113,128,190],"strongly":[114],"inhibited":[115],"perturbed":[119],"chemistry":[122],"associated":[123],"with":[124],"hole":[127,189],"isolated":[129],"rest":[132],"stratosphere":[135],"until":[136],"vortex":[138,150,199],"breaks":[139],"up":[140],"late":[142],"spring.":[143,235],"overall":[145],"size":[146,184],"thus":[151],"limits":[152],"maximum":[154,216],"areal":[155],"coverage":[156],"annual":[159],"Because":[163],"it":[164],"appears":[165],"this":[167,210],"limit":[168],"not":[170],"been":[171],"reached":[172],"Antarctic":[175,187,231],"depletions,":[176],"possibility":[178],"future":[180],"increases":[181],"left":[191],"open.":[192],"In":[193],"Northern":[195],"Hemisphere,":[196],"smaller":[198,214],"more":[202],"restricted":[203],"region":[204,211],"suggest":[208],"theoretical":[215],"column":[218,233],"depletion,":[220],"40":[222],"percent":[223],"currently":[226],"observed":[227],"change":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
