{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984335293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","title":"A case-control study of lung cancer at a foundry and two engine plants","display_name":"A case-control study of lung cancer at a foundry and two engine plants","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984335293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","mag":"1984335293","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9093655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109435702","display_name":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine","issn_l":"0271-3586","issn":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079895325","display_name":"Harland D. Austin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harland Austin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055459895","display_name":"Elizabeth Delzell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Delzell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111996190","display_name":"Cathy A. Lally","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288198617","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Lally","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Cancer Society, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Cancer Society, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083621501","display_name":"Charles N. Rotimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304196042","display_name":"Loyola University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcyt367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1304269903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159390","display_name":"Loyola Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04azs9g49","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Rotimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Maywood, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Maywood, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I4210159390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016559870","display_name":"Riedar K. Oestenstad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kent Oestenstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079895325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62563227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"414","last_page":"421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11026","display_name":"Occupational and environmental lung diseases","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11026","display_name":"Occupational and environmental lung diseases","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"lung cancer","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-cancer-risk","display_name":"occupational cancer risk","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-foundry-workers","display_name":"iron foundry workers","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-tenure","display_name":"job tenure","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-handling","display_name":"material handling","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-control","display_name":"quality control","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-exposure","display_name":"industrial exposure","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.8037626147270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7790014743804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7539373636245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5995691418647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5010402202606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.490820974111557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.43636566400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.4231407046318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3939318060874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3705209791660309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.32588207721710205}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002273","descriptor_name":"Carcinogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005845","descriptor_name":"Georgia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008669","descriptor_name":"Metallurgy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009784","descriptor_name":"Occupational Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009784","descriptor_name":"Occupational Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015996","descriptor_name":"Survival Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016272","descriptor_name":"Occupational Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-v","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109435702","display_name":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine","issn_l":"0271-3586","issn":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.3.co;2-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.3.co;2-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199704)31:4<414::aid-ajim6>3.3.co;2-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109435702","display_name":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine","issn_l":"0271-3586","issn":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9093655","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9093655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of industrial medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307103","display_name":"Ford Motor Company","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312852","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152366216","https://openalex.org/W1976539407","https://openalex.org/W1986667509","https://openalex.org/W2321784687","https://openalex.org/W2163325540","https://openalex.org/W2307636435","https://openalex.org/W1977397102","https://openalex.org/W1987389515","https://openalex.org/W1991890132","https://openalex.org/W2073577417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"nested":[1],"case-control":[2],"study":[3,31],"of":[4,54,141,155],"lung":[5,21,34,57,135,162,198],"cancer":[6,22,35,58,136,163,199],"was":[7,48,82,96,145,149,190],"conducted":[8],"among":[9],"workers":[10],"at":[11],"an":[12,92],"iron":[13],"foundry":[14,73],"and":[15,37,56,120,147,161,177,180],"two":[16],"engine":[17,80,93,174],"manufacturing":[18],"plants":[19,81],"whose":[20],"mortality":[23],"rates":[24],"were":[25,45,129,166,171],"slightly":[26],"higher":[27],"than":[28,170],"expected.":[29],"The":[30,60],"included":[32],"231":[33],"cases":[36],"408":[38],"controls":[39,172],"for":[40,63,66],"whom":[41],"complete":[42],"work":[43],"histories":[44],"obtained.":[46],"There":[47],"no":[49,150],"association":[50],"between":[51,153],"usual":[52,112],"plant":[53,94,175],"employment":[55,90,113,122,156,186],"mortality.":[59],"odds":[61,99],"ratio":[62],"persons":[64,76],"employed":[65,77,144,169],"20":[67],"or":[68,193],"more":[69],"years":[70],"in":[71,78,114,123,157,173,187],"the":[72,79,109,115,124,139],"compared":[74],"with":[75,98],"0.90":[83],"(95%":[84],"confidence":[85],"interval:":[86],"0.55,":[87],"1.5).":[88],"Long-term":[89],"as":[91],"worker":[95],"associated":[97],"ratios":[100],"slightly,":[101],"but":[102],"not":[103],"statistically":[104,130],"significantly,":[105],"below":[106],"unity.":[107],"In":[108],"foundry,":[110],"only":[111,194],"material":[116],"handling":[117],"departmental":[118,127,159],"group":[119,128],"any":[121],"quality":[125],"control":[126],"significantly":[131],"directly":[132],"related":[133],"to":[134,197],"risk.":[137,164,200],"However,":[138],"number":[140],"subjects":[142],"so":[143],"small":[146],"there":[148],"dose-response":[151],"relation":[152],"length":[154],"these":[158],"groups":[160],"Cases":[165],"less":[167],"frequently":[168],"machining":[176],"assembly":[178],"jobs":[179],"departments.":[181],"It":[182],"is":[183],"concluded":[184],"that":[185],"this":[188],"facility":[189],"either":[191],"unrelated,":[192],"weakly":[195],"related,":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
