{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983806470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","title":"Commercial Speech under the European Convention on Human Rights: Subordinate or Equal?","display_name":"Commercial Speech under the European Convention on Human Rights: Subordinate or Equal?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983806470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","mag":"1983806470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84944781","display_name":"Human Rights Law Review","issn_l":"1461-7781","issn":["1461-7781","1744-1021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:42821","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109957973","display_name":"M. H. Randall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Randall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Research Fellow, Institute of European and International Economic Law, University of Berne. This article is based on the author's LLM thesis submitted to Cambridge University in 2004. Many thanks to Professor A.T.H. Smith for valuable comments on previous drafts and to Katharina Thom for her efficient corrections of grammar and style. The usual disclaimer applies","University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Research Fellow, Institute of European and International Economic Law, University of Berne. This article is based on the author's LLM thesis submitted to Cambridge University in 2004. Many thanks to Professor A.T.H. Smith for valuable comments on previous drafts and to Katharina Thom for her efficient corrections of grammar and style. The usual disclaimer applies","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109957973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"apc_list":{"value":3067,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.8589000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.8589000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-speech","display_name":"commercial speech","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/article-10-echr","display_name":"Article 10 ECHR","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin-of-appreciation","display_name":"margin of appreciation","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"advertising","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unfair-competition-law","display_name":"unfair competition law","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"law and economics","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-court-of-human-rights-case-law","display_name":"European Court of Human Rights case law","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776156098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152584","display_name":"Commercial speech","level":4,"score":0.8791170120239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.7109074592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.7026171684265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5694552063941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5037197470664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4958856999874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.46619313955307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41164687275886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35222485661506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35057488083839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3385051488876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20481660962104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994536602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12616","display_name":"First amendment","level":3,"score":0.10869196057319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84944781","display_name":"Human Rights Law Review","issn_l":"1461-7781","issn":["1461-7781","1744-1021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:unige:42821","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:42821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Law Review, No 1 (2006) pp. 53-","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:42821","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:42821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Law Review, no. 1 (2006)\\n p. 53-","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:42821","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:42821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human Rights Law Review, no. 1 (2006)\\n p. 53-","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978639186","https://openalex.org/W2261753458","https://openalex.org/W1553890371","https://openalex.org/W1559794305","https://openalex.org/W4393318909","https://openalex.org/W2604224154","https://openalex.org/W2480313871","https://openalex.org/W2137983270","https://openalex.org/W2507018116","https://openalex.org/W120132509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99],"pattern":[1],"arising":[2],"from":[3,157],"the":[4,10,33,104,120,138,141,197],"case-law":[5],"on":[6,13,164],"Article":[7],"10":[8],"of":[9,25,55,77,90,106,117,128,150,168,196],"European":[11],"Convention":[12],"Human":[14],"Rights":[15],"shows":[16],"that":[17,103,172],"member":[18],"states":[19],"are":[20,57,189],"granted":[21],"a":[22,147,178],"wide":[23],"margin":[24],"appreciation":[26],"when":[27],"commercial":[28,62,68,72,95,107,132,153,183,198],"expression":[29,133],"is":[30,185],"involved.":[31,186],"However,":[32],"theoretical":[34,142],"justification":[35],"for":[36,152],"this":[37],"deferential":[38,180],"approach":[39,181],"has":[40],"thus":[41],"far":[42],"not":[43,112],"been":[44],"clearly":[45],"spelled":[46],"out,":[47],"leading":[48],"to":[49,52,58,114,124,145,170,176,192],"uncertainties":[50],"as":[51,61,86,88,131],"what":[53],"categories":[54],"speech":[56,69,75,126,154,159,184,199],"be":[59],"classified":[60],"expression.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65,100,139],"first":[66],"reviews":[67,140],"cases":[70,89],"concerning":[71],"advertising":[73,108],"and":[74,96],"critical":[76,127],"market":[78,129],"players":[79,130],"sanctioned":[80],"under":[81],"national":[82],"unfair":[83],"competition":[84],"rules":[85],"well":[87],"hybrid":[91],"speech,":[92],"involving":[93],"both":[94],"non-commercial":[97],"elements.":[98],"then":[101,190],"argues":[102],"category":[105],"has,":[109],"in":[110],"practice,":[111],"led":[113],"major":[115],"problems":[116],"classification,":[118],"whilst":[119],"criteria":[121,174,188],"relied":[122],"upon":[123],"classify":[125],"have":[134],"remained":[135],"unclear.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"rationales":[143],"advanced":[144],"justify":[146,177],"low":[148],"level":[149],"scrutiny":[151],"cases.":[155],"Apart":[156],"free":[158],"theory,":[160],"it":[161],"also":[162],"draws":[163],"an":[165],"economic":[166],"analysis":[167],"law":[169],"conclude":[171],"objective":[173],"exist":[175],"more":[179],"where":[182],"These":[187],"used":[191],"suggest":[193],"clearer":[194],"boundaries":[195],"category.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
