{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983502452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","title":"The IMF and the Force of History: Ten Events and Ten Ideas that Have Shaped the Institution","display_name":"The IMF and the Force of History: Ten Events and Ten Ideas that Have Shaped the Institution","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983502452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","mag":"1983502452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.878898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091668778","display_name":"James M. Boughton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Boughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Policy Development and Review Department","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Policy Development and Review Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091668778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890","https://openalex.org/I1321305853"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-monetary-fund","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-history","display_name":"institutional history","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postwar-international-monetary-system","display_name":"postwar international monetary system","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bretton-woods-system","display_name":"Bretton Woods system","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-depression","display_name":"Great Depression","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suez-crisis","display_name":"Suez Crisis","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-independence","display_name":"African independence","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fall-of-communism","display_name":"collapse of communism","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-approach-to-balance-of-payments","display_name":"monetary approach to balance of payments","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-classical-macroeconomics","display_name":"new classical economics","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/washington-consensus","display_name":"Washington Consensus","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imf-mandate","display_name":"IMF mandate","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-economic-policy","display_name":"international economic policy","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.7298957705497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4530465602874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2534186840057373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.878898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.878898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.878898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577065742","https://openalex.org/W1494612504","https://openalex.org/W1495445475","https://openalex.org/W1502002723","https://openalex.org/W1556023768","https://openalex.org/W1749520783","https://openalex.org/W1984577585","https://openalex.org/W2027479614","https://openalex.org/W2031327617","https://openalex.org/W2032899120","https://openalex.org/W2047560619","https://openalex.org/W2049659410","https://openalex.org/W2058645601","https://openalex.org/W2086197415","https://openalex.org/W2088680698","https://openalex.org/W2114429042","https://openalex.org/W2129324139","https://openalex.org/W2489977932","https://openalex.org/W2498517169","https://openalex.org/W2560426740","https://openalex.org/W2764424167","https://openalex.org/W2764761593","https://openalex.org/W2795558674","https://openalex.org/W2797646775","https://openalex.org/W2798358175","https://openalex.org/W3121569266","https://openalex.org/W3123204866","https://openalex.org/W3123664584","https://openalex.org/W3124231248","https://openalex.org/W3125565012","https://openalex.org/W3126138217","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096562370","https://openalex.org/W2726308353","https://openalex.org/W7170155245","https://openalex.org/W7001159902","https://openalex.org/W46806204","https://openalex.org/W2730664423","https://openalex.org/W4406760874","https://openalex.org/W2732254446","https://openalex.org/W4254408144","https://openalex.org/W3123153279"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
