{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983232182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3167/082279497782384631","title":"Pastoral Land Tenure Reform and Resource Management in Northern Xinjiang: A new Institutional Economics Perspective","display_name":"Pastoral Land Tenure Reform and Resource Management in Northern Xinjiang: A new Institutional Economics Perspective","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983232182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3167/082279497782384631","mag":"1983232182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3167/082279497782384631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3167/082279497782384631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3167/082279497782384631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178513897","display_name":"Nomadic Peoples","issn_l":"0822-7942","issn":["0822-7942","1752-2366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320292","host_organization_name":"Berghahn Books","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320292"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Berghahn Books"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nomadic Peoples","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111567618","display_name":"Tony Banks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tony Banks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied and International Economics, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. He is currently studying for a Ph.D. on the topic of common property in the pastoral sector of the Uighur Autonomous Region in Xinjiang, China at the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex University, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied and International Economics, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. He is currently studying for a Ph.D. on the topic of common property in the pastoral sector of the Uighur Autonomous Region in Xinjiang, China at the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111567618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"55","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12467","display_name":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12467","display_name":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.06459999829530716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13668","display_name":"Agricultural and Rural Development Research","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-property-resources","display_name":"common property resources","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tragedy-of-the-commons","display_name":"tragedy of the commons","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-farming","display_name":"group farming","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-grazing","display_name":"livestock grazing","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-degradation","display_name":"land degradation","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"resource management","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-arrangements","display_name":"institutional arrangements","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pastoralists","display_name":"pastoralists","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-xinjiang","display_name":"northern Xinjiang","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137607661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66493932","display_name":"Land tenure","level":3,"score":0.7045164108276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6771482229232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116006206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420933","display_name":"New institutional economics","level":2,"score":0.532130241394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777178263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208128","display_name":"Land reform","level":3,"score":0.45629146695137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.4560711979866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4538600742816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.43835243582725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177821555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1118654","display_name":"Institutional economics","level":2,"score":0.43507158756256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.42490154504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41161590814590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3664548993110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36086001992225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.33943086862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.14153173565864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10445857048034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3167/082279497782384631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3167/082279497782384631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3167/082279497782384631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178513897","display_name":"Nomadic Peoples","issn_l":"0822-7942","issn":["0822-7942","1752-2366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320292","host_organization_name":"Berghahn Books","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320292"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Berghahn Books"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nomadic Peoples","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172731168","https://openalex.org/W1505007902","https://openalex.org/W1546987992","https://openalex.org/W1578121936","https://openalex.org/W1585711600","https://openalex.org/W1855150428","https://openalex.org/W1856319283","https://openalex.org/W1914371882","https://openalex.org/W1963514549","https://openalex.org/W1981511203","https://openalex.org/W1989023094","https://openalex.org/W2005565323","https://openalex.org/W2006158844","https://openalex.org/W2010458688","https://openalex.org/W2024216388","https://openalex.org/W2025629197","https://openalex.org/W2043059812","https://openalex.org/W2044214012","https://openalex.org/W2068182913","https://openalex.org/W2074061242","https://openalex.org/W2095602420","https://openalex.org/W2117724681","https://openalex.org/W2120362555","https://openalex.org/W2131209357","https://openalex.org/W2131740028","https://openalex.org/W2137149724","https://openalex.org/W2146887046","https://openalex.org/W2157323172","https://openalex.org/W2162167300","https://openalex.org/W2175723801","https://openalex.org/W2222147200","https://openalex.org/W2476106558","https://openalex.org/W2753514269","https://openalex.org/W2795366660","https://openalex.org/W3039124638","https://openalex.org/W3150979425","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971831218","https://openalex.org/W6999334962","https://openalex.org/W2767526186","https://openalex.org/W1604211355","https://openalex.org/W2057650861","https://openalex.org/W4390561312","https://openalex.org/W2085733978","https://openalex.org/W2163690573","https://openalex.org/W2131830242","https://openalex.org/W6991670800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"administration":[0],"but":[1],"informal":[2],"common":[3,14,72],"property":[4],"arrangements":[5],"among":[6,16],"pastoralists":[7],"have":[8],"also":[9],"emerged.":[10],"There":[11],"is":[12,44,80,158,166,202],"the":[13,22,29,59,83,95,112,115,123,194],"perception":[15],"government":[17],"officials":[18],"and":[19,93,119,147,181,215,222],"researchers":[20],"that":[21,85,110,135,168],"significant":[23],"increase":[24],"in":[25,33,122,144,160,209],"livestock":[26,69],"numbers":[27],"since":[28],"privatisation":[30],"of":[31,58,65,76,114,153,155],"herds":[32],"1985":[34],"has":[35],"considerably":[36],"exacerbated":[37],"pastoral":[38,125],"land":[39,78,90,138],"degradation":[40],"problems.":[41,199],"The":[42,74,150],"situation":[43],"widely":[45],"interpreted":[46],"by":[47],"them,":[48],"as":[49,51,54,187],"well":[50],"foreign":[52],"consultants,":[53],"a":[55,173,188],"classical":[56],"'tragedy":[57],"commons'":[60],"problem,":[61],"an":[62,136],"invariable":[63],"outcome":[64],"having":[66],"privately":[67],"owned":[68],"grazing":[70],"on":[71,82,204],"lands.":[73],"policy":[75],"individualising":[77],"tenure":[79,91,139,180],"predicated":[81],"assumption":[84],"it":[86,131],"will":[87,141],"improve":[88],"pastoralists'":[89],"security":[92],"create":[94],"incentives":[96],"for":[97],"them":[98],"to":[99],"adopt":[100],"more":[101,186],"sustainable":[102],"resource":[103,117,148,197],"management":[104,198],"strategies.":[105],"However,":[106],"this":[107,219],"paper":[108,201],"argues":[109],"if":[111],"nature":[113],"existing":[116],"configuration":[118],"cultural":[120],"endowments":[121],"Xinjiang":[124],"sector":[126],"are":[127],"taken":[128],"into":[129],"account,":[130],"becomes":[132],"less":[133],"obvious":[134],"individualised":[137,179],"system":[140],"necessarily":[142],"result":[143],"improved":[145],"efficiency":[146],"management.":[149],"observed":[151],"persistence":[152],"forms":[154],"group":[156,169],"farming":[157,170],"explained":[159],"new":[161],"institutional":[162,176],"economics":[163],"terms.":[164],"It":[165],"argued":[167],"may":[171],"represent":[172],"lower":[174],"cost":[175],"arrangement":[177],"than":[178,193],"thus":[182],"should":[183],"be":[184],"perceived":[185],"potential":[189],"remedy":[190],"for,":[191],"rather":[192],"cause":[195],"of,":[196],"This":[200],"based":[203],"four":[205],"weeks'":[206],"fieldwork":[207],"undertaken":[208],"northern":[210],"Xinjiang,":[211],"specifically":[212],"Altay":[213,221],"Prefecture":[214],"two":[216],"counties":[217],"within":[218],"prefecture,":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}