{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983196284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","title":"A simple and exact Laplacian clustering of complex networking phenomena: Application to gene expression profiles","display_name":"A simple and exact Laplacian clustering of complex networking phenomena: Application to gene expression profiles","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983196284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","mag":"1983196284","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18337496","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2393820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0708598105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034939854","display_name":"Choongrak Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-7875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-7875"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choongrak Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Statistics,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Statistics,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045004906","display_name":"Mookyung Cheon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-6725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-6725"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mookyung Cheon","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Laboratory for Computational Proteomics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Laboratory for Computational Proteomics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101411667","display_name":"Minho Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-026X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-026X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minho Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062173461","display_name":"Iksoo Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8784"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iksoo Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Laboratory for Computational Proteomics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Laboratory for Computational Proteomics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, and","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062173461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48875118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"11","first_page":"4083","last_page":"4087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-networks","display_name":"complex networks","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-profiles","display_name":"gene expression profiles","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-classification","display_name":"unsupervised classification","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-discovery","display_name":"class discovery","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leukemia","display_name":"leukemia","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphoma","display_name":"lymphoma","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"network topology","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115178988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772067","display_name":"Laplacian matrix","level":3,"score":0.7277112007141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5956119894981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5855615139007568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5750430226325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5668687224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5249139070510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.5175253748893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105611402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976589","display_name":"Spectral clustering","level":3,"score":0.4677712321281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18912844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4724001","display_name":"Algebraic expression","level":3,"score":0.4414491355419159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4175553321838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39769670367240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.37060973048210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3448852300643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.320201575756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007938","descriptor_name":"Leukemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0708598105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18337496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18337496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2393820","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2393820/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0708598105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0708598105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1983196284.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493454437","https://openalex.org/W1512096212","https://openalex.org/W1587744656","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1966210217","https://openalex.org/W1966701961","https://openalex.org/W1973596131","https://openalex.org/W1977870419","https://openalex.org/W1992873171","https://openalex.org/W2004265962","https://openalex.org/W2006927892","https://openalex.org/W2012860912","https://openalex.org/W2026042206","https://openalex.org/W2035868960","https://openalex.org/W2043154233","https://openalex.org/W2099116730","https://openalex.org/W2104085672","https://openalex.org/W2107940287","https://openalex.org/W2109363337","https://openalex.org/W2114030927","https://openalex.org/W2130790725","https://openalex.org/W2132251791","https://openalex.org/W2137732064","https://openalex.org/W2144792853","https://openalex.org/W2144885342","https://openalex.org/W2147246240","https://openalex.org/W2150926065","https://openalex.org/W2151417892","https://openalex.org/W2155236584","https://openalex.org/W2159644837","https://openalex.org/W2612166593","https://openalex.org/W2773462233","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W3125904670","https://openalex.org/W4233287056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187908817","https://openalex.org/W2043152202","https://openalex.org/W2188097034","https://openalex.org/W3192461107","https://openalex.org/W2731872198","https://openalex.org/W6982030229","https://openalex.org/W1992952803","https://openalex.org/W2348233045","https://openalex.org/W2899411664","https://openalex.org/W2091082715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unraveling":[0],"of":[1,6,11,40,61,73,94,101,109,156,164],"the":[2,32,57,65,71,92,102],"unified":[3],"networking":[4,8,68,158],"characteristics":[5],"complex":[7,67,157],"phenomena":[9,69],"is":[10,19,76,137],"great":[12],"interest":[13],"yet":[14],"a":[15,25,37,41,49,53,142,149],"formidable":[16],"task.":[17],"There":[18],"currently":[20],"no":[21],"simple":[22],"strategy":[23],"with":[24,141],"rigorous":[26],"framework.":[27],"Using":[28,79],"an":[29,98],"analogy":[30],"to":[31,106],"exact":[33],"algebraic":[34],"property":[35],"for":[36,56,152],"transition":[38],"matrix":[39,55],"master":[42],"equation":[43],"in":[44,64,160],"statistical":[45],"physics,":[46],"we":[47,84,132],"propose":[48],"method":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"Laplacian":[54,82,103],"discovery":[58],"and":[59,90,122,139,144],"prediction":[60],"new":[62],"classes":[63,89],"unsupervised":[66],"where":[70],"class":[72],"each":[74,95],"sample":[75],"completely":[77],"unknown.":[78],"this":[80,135],"proposed":[81],"approach,":[83],"can":[85],"simultaneously":[86],"discover":[87],"different":[88],"determine":[91],"identity":[93],"class.":[96],"Through":[97],"illustrative":[99],"test":[100],"approach":[104,136],"applied":[105],"real":[107],"datasets":[108],"gene":[110],"expression":[111],"profiles,":[112],"leukemia":[113],"data":[114,124],"[Golub":[115],"TR,":[116],"et":[117,127],"al.":[118,128],"(1999)":[119],"Science":[120],"286:531-537],":[121],"lymphoma":[123],"[Alizadeh":[125],"AA,":[126],"(2000)":[129],"Nature":[130],"403:503-511],":[131],"demonstrate":[133],"that":[134],"accurate":[138],"robust":[140],"mathematical":[143],"physical":[145],"realization.":[146],"It":[147],"offers":[148],"general":[150],"framework":[151],"characterizing":[153],"any":[154],"kind":[155],"phenomenon":[159],"broad":[161],"areas":[162],"irrespective":[163],"whether":[165],"they":[166],"are":[167],"supervised":[168],"or":[169],"unsupervised.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
