{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982992153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","title":"The Limits of Strategic Planning for Cities","display_name":"The Limits of Strategic Planning for Cities","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982992153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","mag":"1982992153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158923391","display_name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","issn_l":"0735-2166","issn":["0735-2166","1467-9906"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057935064","display_name":"Todd Swanstrom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7731-1956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7731-1956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Swanstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York at Albany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York at Albany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057935064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97450658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"139","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.7113999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.27950000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-planning","display_name":"strategic planning","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-planning","display_name":"public sector planning","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning-history","display_name":"urban planning history","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planning-effectiveness","display_name":"planning effectiveness","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-participation","display_name":"democratic participation","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-decision-making","display_name":"local decision-making","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/checks-and-balances","display_name":"checks and balances","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planning-reform","display_name":"planning reform","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.7873984575271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36375443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295774","display_name":"Rational planning model","level":2,"score":0.7751446962356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1007266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621839","display_name":"Strategic human resource planning","level":3,"score":0.6443203687667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152563557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621861","display_name":"Strategic thinking","level":3,"score":0.6383880376815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98940541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000091","display_name":"Environmental design and planning","level":4,"score":0.6261087656021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6124785542488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39118121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034047","display_name":"Transportation planning","level":2,"score":0.5601666569709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108578832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621835","display_name":"Strategic financial management","level":3,"score":0.5125772356987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44246405363082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.4303458333015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777976496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541936","display_name":"Public participation","level":2,"score":0.413019061088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184603391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60738778","display_name":"Land-use planning","level":3,"score":0.39910244941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.37299644947052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3419633209705353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.31869322061538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.22232478857040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1958509385585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.16079193353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10820412635803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.06957221031188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00471.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158923391","display_name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","issn_l":"0735-2166","issn":["0735-2166","1467-9906"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.761900007724762,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306119","display_name":"U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development","ror":"https://ror.org/014a5gx79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56161317","https://openalex.org/W264012128","https://openalex.org/W304327358","https://openalex.org/W362634012","https://openalex.org/W591725636","https://openalex.org/W599740279","https://openalex.org/W618779384","https://openalex.org/W635677148","https://openalex.org/W643300919","https://openalex.org/W647819733","https://openalex.org/W1521563578","https://openalex.org/W1556843694","https://openalex.org/W1586069036","https://openalex.org/W1603038294","https://openalex.org/W1975223733","https://openalex.org/W1978163318","https://openalex.org/W1984257003","https://openalex.org/W1985346824","https://openalex.org/W1985882416","https://openalex.org/W2006720836","https://openalex.org/W2041831798","https://openalex.org/W2043771457","https://openalex.org/W2052097096","https://openalex.org/W2081714882","https://openalex.org/W2091166788","https://openalex.org/W2160649830","https://openalex.org/W2312350657","https://openalex.org/W2312419221","https://openalex.org/W2325270118","https://openalex.org/W2326621552","https://openalex.org/W2332115711","https://openalex.org/W2528695135","https://openalex.org/W2592943113","https://openalex.org/W2752410476","https://openalex.org/W2795676624","https://openalex.org/W2795955835","https://openalex.org/W2796528821","https://openalex.org/W2799302244","https://openalex.org/W2904178496","https://openalex.org/W3136118985","https://openalex.org/W3188775096","https://openalex.org/W4232545197","https://openalex.org/W4235274589","https://openalex.org/W4249005013","https://openalex.org/W4251441453","https://openalex.org/W4252454929","https://openalex.org/W4254174922","https://openalex.org/W4312532096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392778953","https://openalex.org/W3033039166","https://openalex.org/W2335828324","https://openalex.org/W2171063074","https://openalex.org/W2951237593","https://openalex.org/W6995849122","https://openalex.org/W1563228169","https://openalex.org/W4244769271","https://openalex.org/W223456895","https://openalex.org/W1975827761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{":Developed":[0],"in":[1,22,114,123,193],"the":[2,23,52,66,89,120,143,152,157,169],"private":[3],"sector,":[4],"strategic":[5,18,69,116,172,178],"planning":[6,27,36,63,70,76,117,121,140,179,185],"is":[7,37,49,71,148,180],"rapidly":[8],"being":[9],"applied":[10],"to":[11,39,43,51,102,110],"cities.":[12],"This":[13],"article":[14,90,175],"describes":[15],"public":[16],"sector":[17],"planning,":[19],"places":[20],"it":[21,48],"history":[24],"of":[25,55,125,134,145,154,159,168,171],"urban":[26],"and":[28,33,147,162,164],"evaluates":[29],"its":[30,78],"goal":[31],"orientation":[32],"effectiveness.":[34],"Strategic":[35,139,184],"shown":[38],"be":[40,103,108],"closely":[41],"related":[42],"rational-comprehensive":[44],"planning;":[45],"as":[46,132],"such,":[47],"open":[50],"same":[53,67],"types":[54],"criticisms":[56],"that":[57,92,106,177],"have":[58],"been":[59],"leveled":[60],"at":[61],"rational":[62,75],"reforms.":[64],"At":[65],"time,":[68],"differentiated":[72],"from":[73],"traditional":[74],"by":[77],"focus":[79],"on":[80,142],"future":[81],"environmental":[82],"trends.":[83],"While":[84],"external":[85],"trends":[86],"are":[87,94],"important,":[88],"concludes":[91,176],"they":[93],"rarely":[95],"decisive":[96],"for":[97],"local":[98],"policy":[99],"making.":[100,196],"Claiming":[101],"a":[104,187,190],"technique":[105],"can":[107],"used":[109],"support":[111],"any":[112],"goals,":[113,130],"practice,":[115],"often":[118],"biases":[119],"agenda":[122],"favor":[124],"economic":[126],"growth":[127],"over":[128],"other":[129],"such":[131],"redistribution":[133],"wealth":[135],"or":[136],"democratic":[137,160,194],"participation.":[138],"focuses":[141],"effects":[144],"policies":[146],"not":[149,181],"concerned":[150],"with":[151],"process":[153],"decision":[155,195],"making;":[156],"values":[158],"participation":[161],"checks":[163],"balances":[165],"lie":[166],"outside":[167],"techniques":[170],"planning.":[173],"The":[174],"wrong\u2014simply":[182],"incomplete.":[183],"has":[186],"place,":[188,192],"albeit":[189],"limited":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}