{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982955134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","title":"Corporate research and development strategies: The influence of firm, industry and country factors on the decentralization of R&D","display_name":"Corporate research and development strategies: The influence of firm, industry and country factors on the decentralization of R&D","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982955134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","mag":"1982955134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43637407","display_name":"R and D Management","issn_l":"0033-6807","issn":["0033-6807","1467-9310"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"R&D Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062022946","display_name":"Mark Casson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-6538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-6538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Casson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 2AH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 2AH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033363489","display_name":"Satwinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-075X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-075X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 2AH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 2AH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"apc_list":{"value":3620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95173906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"91","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.6220999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.6220999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.20980000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.08070000261068344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-research-and-development","display_name":"corporate research and development","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-decentralization","display_name":"R&D decentralization","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development-strategy","display_name":"R&D strategy","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-factors","display_name":"industry factors","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/country-factors","display_name":"country factors","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-structure","display_name":"organizational structure","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.8385070562362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.7521555423736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6236011981964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.40094244480133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3669527769088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.36388903856277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33694547414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167562979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271857","display_name":"Classical economics","level":1,"score":0.3329660892486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17505276203155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12029916048049927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00078.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43637407","display_name":"R and D Management","issn_l":"0033-6807","issn":["0033-6807","1467-9310"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"R&D Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W634911892","https://openalex.org/W1489484807","https://openalex.org/W1507651230","https://openalex.org/W1513370701","https://openalex.org/W1587950279","https://openalex.org/W1974822575","https://openalex.org/W2020380084","https://openalex.org/W2071249181","https://openalex.org/W2075363688","https://openalex.org/W2265938796","https://openalex.org/W2330158368","https://openalex.org/W2502862864","https://openalex.org/W4214599010","https://openalex.org/W4246441475","https://openalex.org/W6620498942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W87111729","https://openalex.org/W574725565","https://openalex.org/W183753032","https://openalex.org/W2241079386","https://openalex.org/W2183787689","https://openalex.org/W81279110","https://openalex.org/W2101200395","https://openalex.org/W310075905","https://openalex.org/W2514158129","https://openalex.org/W629631984"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}