{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982948887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10670569908724357","title":"The China challenge: Theoretical perspectives and policy implications","display_name":"The China challenge: Theoretical perspectives and policy implications","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982948887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10670569908724357","mag":"1982948887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10670569908724357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10670569908724357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10670569908724357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102994345","display_name":"Journal of Contemporary China","issn_l":"1067-0564","issn":["1067-0564","1469-9400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Contemporary China","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071455379","display_name":"Rex Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rex Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Deputy Head of the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, England","Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Deputy Head of the Center for Pacific Rim Studies , Liverpool John Moores University , England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Deputy Head of the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, Liverpool John Moores University, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Deputy Head of the Center for Pacific Rim Studies , Liverpool John Moores University , England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071455379"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91225007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"22","first_page":"443","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14443","display_name":"COVID-19, Geopolitics, Technology, Migration","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14349","display_name":"Global Political and Economic Relations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rise-of-china","display_name":"China's rise","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-s-security-policy","display_name":"China's security policy","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"realism","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberalism","display_name":"liberalism","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-power-status","display_name":"great power status","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"interdependence","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-security","display_name":"regional security","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-power","display_name":"balance of power","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/containment-of-china","display_name":"containment of China","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-integration","display_name":"international integration","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asia-pacific-security","display_name":"Asia-Pacific security","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.8323348760604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779112814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2363432","display_name":"Belligerent","level":3,"score":0.7652603387832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.5035035014152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.47812309861183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778676447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185145","display_name":"Great power","level":3,"score":0.47498053312301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.45517590641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.4518083333969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4413028955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196927870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785609","display_name":"International relations theory","level":4,"score":0.4179951548576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3963684141635895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36962369084358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.24680006504058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2117469608783722}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10670569908724357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10670569908724357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10670569908724357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102994345","display_name":"Journal of Contemporary China","issn_l":"1067-0564","issn":["1067-0564","1469-9400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Contemporary China","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101709346","https://openalex.org/W114248516","https://openalex.org/W251173712","https://openalex.org/W281234447","https://openalex.org/W424174252","https://openalex.org/W584069860","https://openalex.org/W642295990","https://openalex.org/W643300919","https://openalex.org/W1044893487","https://openalex.org/W1510341879","https://openalex.org/W1517079777","https://openalex.org/W1530312159","https://openalex.org/W1547407018","https://openalex.org/W1557740592","https://openalex.org/W1568966014","https://openalex.org/W1594544967","https://openalex.org/W1676511820","https://openalex.org/W1966031143","https://openalex.org/W1966423973","https://openalex.org/W1969486727","https://openalex.org/W1971144627","https://openalex.org/W1974340447","https://openalex.org/W1975993015","https://openalex.org/W1978004106","https://openalex.org/W1980614936","https://openalex.org/W1985588485","https://openalex.org/W1985695874","https://openalex.org/W1985864320","https://openalex.org/W1986852182","https://openalex.org/W1988664904","https://openalex.org/W1990011880","https://openalex.org/W1997138184","https://openalex.org/W1999362478","https://openalex.org/W2000694455","https://openalex.org/W2001441241","https://openalex.org/W2009460257","https://openalex.org/W2011208543","https://openalex.org/W2021892199","https://openalex.org/W2024693924","https://openalex.org/W2028385863","https://openalex.org/W2030252192","https://openalex.org/W2030824331","https://openalex.org/W2033553848","https://openalex.org/W2034593576","https://openalex.org/W2038249903","https://openalex.org/W2038858335","https://openalex.org/W2043012889","https://openalex.org/W2044150299","https://openalex.org/W2044354291","https://openalex.org/W2050841211","https://openalex.org/W2051157685","https://openalex.org/W2053231937","https://openalex.org/W2053648046","https://openalex.org/W2055830819","https://openalex.org/W2058413048","https://openalex.org/W2059374082","https://openalex.org/W2060351048","https://openalex.org/W2062662198","https://openalex.org/W2067589039","https://openalex.org/W2067636885","https://openalex.org/W2069095389","https://openalex.org/W2077018849","https://openalex.org/W2082262234","https://openalex.org/W2087729462","https://openalex.org/W2087933684","https://openalex.org/W2094270579","https://openalex.org/W2107578151","https://openalex.org/W2109312871","https://openalex.org/W2109671377","https://openalex.org/W2118749788","https://openalex.org/W2120112627","https://openalex.org/W2127538515","https://openalex.org/W2133387456","https://openalex.org/W2134380682","https://openalex.org/W2135492618","https://openalex.org/W2137238936","https://openalex.org/W2137848826","https://openalex.org/W2140031956","https://openalex.org/W2143503862","https://openalex.org/W2145018774","https://openalex.org/W2145210760","https://openalex.org/W2147755536","https://openalex.org/W2150515448","https://openalex.org/W2155424107","https://openalex.org/W2156090928","https://openalex.org/W2157997167","https://openalex.org/W2166735555","https://openalex.org/W2247004470","https://openalex.org/W2305905897","https://openalex.org/W2316703708","https://openalex.org/W2321965521","https://openalex.org/W2327165405","https://openalex.org/W2327767448","https://openalex.org/W2328115278","https://openalex.org/W2328519944","https://openalex.org/W2329546307","https://openalex.org/W2480804162","https://openalex.org/W2491337408","https://openalex.org/W2503077446","https://openalex.org/W2545097507","https://openalex.org/W2552515572","https://openalex.org/W2555659769","https://openalex.org/W2559654696","https://openalex.org/W2563750507","https://openalex.org/W2568087099","https://openalex.org/W2574024151","https://openalex.org/W2587421068","https://openalex.org/W2607305333","https://openalex.org/W2616324404","https://openalex.org/W2795711169","https://openalex.org/W2796586066","https://openalex.org/W2796717420","https://openalex.org/W2798592693","https://openalex.org/W2800879461","https://openalex.org/W2801375499","https://openalex.org/W2802044718","https://openalex.org/W2802437599","https://openalex.org/W2890747217","https://openalex.org/W2905588477","https://openalex.org/W2993352608","https://openalex.org/W3023755562","https://openalex.org/W3121544937","https://openalex.org/W3152043140","https://openalex.org/W4213228162","https://openalex.org/W4229838729","https://openalex.org/W4230167202","https://openalex.org/W4230405442","https://openalex.org/W4232562062","https://openalex.org/W4234393799","https://openalex.org/W4235850323","https://openalex.org/W4236885241","https://openalex.org/W4238204223","https://openalex.org/W4244029602","https://openalex.org/W4247062242","https://openalex.org/W4248020846","https://openalex.org/W4250861341","https://openalex.org/W4251530622","https://openalex.org/W4254761454","https://openalex.org/W4300918668","https://openalex.org/W4302404253","https://openalex.org/W4320581695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051576318","https://openalex.org/W2597181566","https://openalex.org/W2969642408","https://openalex.org/W2359268577","https://openalex.org/W1990281286","https://openalex.org/W3167904836","https://openalex.org/W2367783347","https://openalex.org/W2160335825","https://openalex.org/W1975575344","https://openalex.org/W4379392394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,12,15,26,31,42,49,57,81,105,113,187,193,229,240,249,268,273],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years":[4],"there":[5,206],"has":[6],"been":[7],"a":[8,38,85,92,98,162,214,258],"heated":[9],"debate":[10,43],"in":[11,33,48,282],"West":[13],"over":[14],"potential":[16],"challenge":[17],"of":[18,41,60,74,83,95,107,165,189,197,209,213,231,265,272,275,289],"an":[19],"increasingly":[20],"strong":[21],"and":[22,29,52,62,87,121,202,237],"assertive":[23],"China":[24,89,120,219,232,247],"to":[25,30,79,100,127,147,150,174,180,217,245,279,284],"Asia\u2010Pacific":[27],"region":[28],"world":[32,242],"general.":[34],"This":[35],"article":[36,111],"offers":[37],"systematic":[39],"analysis":[40],"on":[44,104,261],"China's":[45,195,262,286],"emerging":[46],"role":[47],"international":[50,66,101,250],"system":[51],"its":[53,122],"security":[54],"implications":[55],"from":[56],"theoretical":[58],"perspectives":[59],"realism":[61],"liberalism.":[63],"While":[64],"both":[65],"relations":[67],"theories":[68],"have":[69,161,257],"provided":[70],"valuable":[71],"insights,":[72],"neither":[73],"them":[75],"alone":[76],"is":[77,207],"able":[78],"unravel":[80],"puzzle":[82],"whether":[84],"prosperous":[86],"powerful":[88],"will":[90,125,143,171,233,256],"be":[91,144,172,280],"major":[93],"force":[94,149],"stability":[96],"or":[97,129],"threat":[99],"peace.":[102],"Drawing":[103],"theory":[106],"trade":[108,139,199],"expectations,":[109],"this":[110],"shows":[112],"conditions":[114],"under":[115],"which":[116,220],"high":[117],"interdependence":[118],"between":[119],"trading":[123,168],"partners":[124],"lead":[126],"pacific":[128],"belligerent":[130],"Chinese":[131,134,211],"behavior.":[132],"If":[133],"decision\u2010makers\u2019":[135],"expectations":[136,196],"for":[137],"future":[138,167,198,224],"are":[140,200],"high,":[141],"they":[142,160,170],"less":[145],"likely":[146,173],"use":[148],"deal":[151],"with":[152,155],"unresolved":[153],"disputes":[154],"neighboring":[156],"countries.":[157],"If,":[158],"however,":[159],"negative":[163],"view":[164],"their":[166],"environment,":[169],"take":[175],"measures,":[176],"including":[177],"military":[178],"actions,":[179],"remove":[181],"any":[182],"obstacles":[183],"that":[184,228,255],"might":[185],"forestall":[186],"pursuit":[188],"great\u2010power":[190],"status.":[191],"For":[192],"moment,":[194],"by":[201,252],"large":[203],"optimistic,":[204],"but":[205],"evidence":[208],"growing":[210],"suspicion":[212],"Western":[215],"\u2018conspiracy\u2019":[216],"contain":[218],"may":[221],"alter":[222],"Beijing's":[223],"perceptions.":[225],"To":[226],"ensure":[227],"rise":[230],"not":[234],"cause":[235],"regional":[236],"global":[238],"instability,":[239],"outside":[241],"should":[243],"seek":[244],"integrate":[246],"into":[248],"community":[251],"pursuing":[253],"policies":[254],"positive":[259],"influence":[260],"expected":[263,287],"value":[264,288],"trade.":[266],"In":[267],"meantime,":[269],"some":[270],"elements":[271],"balance":[274],"power":[276],"strategy":[277],"need":[278],"introduced":[281],"order":[283],"curtail":[285],"war.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}