{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982922768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.6.785","title":"Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Later Delinquency","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Later Delinquency","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982922768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.6.785","mag":"1982922768","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9164769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1542/peds.99.6.785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.6.785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.6.785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77494981","display_name":"PEDIATRICS","issn_l":"0031-4005","issn":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030531130","display_name":"Amy Conseur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Conseur","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Maternal and Child Health Program, the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Maternal and Child Health Program, the","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089417272","display_name":"Frederick P. Rivara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-0637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-0637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126198","display_name":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0394z0v14","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I2802336062","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick P. Rivara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Pediatrics and","Epidemiology, the","Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Pediatrics and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, the","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039087054","display_name":"Robert Barnoski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271682","display_name":"State of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/02v5yps25","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Barnoski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Administrator for the Courts, State of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Administrator for the Courts, State of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113594847","display_name":"Irvin Emanuel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irvin Emanuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Pediatrics and","Epidemiology, the","From the Maternal and Child Health Program, the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Pediatrics and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, the","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Maternal and Child Health Program, the","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95779456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"6","first_page":"785","last_page":"790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.031199999153614044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-delinquency","display_name":"juvenile delinquency","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-risk-factors","display_name":"perinatal risk factors","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-pregnancy","display_name":"adolescent pregnancy","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmarried-mothers","display_name":"unmarried mothers","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-age","display_name":"maternal age","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-offending","display_name":"chronic offending","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-offending","display_name":"adolescent offending","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-order","display_name":"birth order","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-violence-prevention","display_name":"youth violence prevention","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-weight","display_name":"birth weight","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-birth","display_name":"preterm birth","score":0.9359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.9052336812019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7851035594940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.6370614767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.46150946617126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.4168759286403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.4140774607658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3830973207950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.30781418085098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.2398369014263153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000294","descriptor_name":"Adolescent Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000294","descriptor_name":"Adolescent Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000294","descriptor_name":"Adolescent Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001722","descriptor_name":"Birth Order","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001722","descriptor_name":"Birth Order","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001722","descriptor_name":"Birth Order","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001724","descriptor_name":"Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005865","descriptor_name":"Gestational Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005865","descriptor_name":"Gestational Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005865","descriptor_name":"Gestational Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014861","descriptor_name":"Washington","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017533","descriptor_name":"Marital Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017533","descriptor_name":"Marital Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017533","descriptor_name":"Marital Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1542/peds.99.6.785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.6.785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.6.785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77494981","display_name":"PEDIATRICS","issn_l":"0031-4005","issn":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9164769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9164769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490662404","https://openalex.org/W1679235610","https://openalex.org/W1973222137","https://openalex.org/W1975814766","https://openalex.org/W2027349155","https://openalex.org/W2090804564","https://openalex.org/W2125201867","https://openalex.org/W2128420847","https://openalex.org/W2167966374","https://openalex.org/W2169240400","https://openalex.org/W2327607401","https://openalex.org/W4234810773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967959971","https://openalex.org/W2347080643","https://openalex.org/W2089428447","https://openalex.org/W2531621034","https://openalex.org/W7095170348","https://openalex.org/W1849304974","https://openalex.org/W109508619","https://openalex.org/W2153290255","https://openalex.org/W64402336","https://openalex.org/W1966647021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"early":[2],"identification":[3],"of":[4,56,69,85,139,179,193],"risk":[5,109,138,162,178,187],"factors":[6,188],"for":[7,110,115,118,163,189],"juvenile":[8,43,112,164,180,190,205],"offending":[9,28,141],"is":[10],"one":[11],"important":[12],"step":[13],"in":[14],"preventing":[15],"youth":[16],"violence":[17],"and":[18,53,76,82,114,155],"offending.":[19,165],"This":[20],"cohort":[21],"study":[22],"examined":[23],"whether":[24],"perinatal":[25],"circumstances":[26],"predicted":[27],"during":[29],"adolescence.":[30],"METHODS:":[31],"Washington":[32],"State":[33],"birth":[34,77,93,153],"certificates":[35],"from":[36],"1974":[37],"to":[38,42,46,103,127,146,168,195,202],"1975":[39],"were":[40,64,88,101],"linked":[41],"justice":[44],"data":[45],"identify":[47],"all":[48],"individuals":[49],"adjudicated":[50,117],"between":[51],"10":[52],"17":[54],"years":[55,132,150],"age.":[57],"Thirteen":[58],"thousand":[59],"five":[60,119],"hundred":[61],"seventy-three":[62],"offenders":[63],"compared":[65,142],"with":[66,143,176],"a":[67],"sample":[68],"38":[70],"387":[71],"nonoffenders":[72],"matched":[73],"on":[74],"gender":[75],"order.":[78],"RESULTS:":[79],"Both":[80],"male":[81],"female":[83],"children":[84],"mothers":[86,129,148,172,199],"who":[87,100],"teenagers":[89],"at":[90,95],"the":[91],"child's":[92],"or":[94,99,120,170],"her":[96],"first":[97],"birth,":[98],"born":[102,126,145],"unmarried":[104,128,171,198],"mothers,":[105],"had":[106,134],"significantly":[107],"increased":[108,137,161],"any":[111],"offending,":[113],"being":[116],"more":[121],"crimes":[122],"(chronic":[123],"offending).":[124],"Males":[125],"under":[130],"18":[131],"old":[133],"an":[135],"11-fold":[136],"chronic":[140],"males":[144],"married":[147],">/=20":[149],"old.":[151],"Low":[152],"weight":[154],"preterm":[156],"gestational":[157],"age":[158],"carried":[159],"no":[160],"CONCLUSIONS:":[166],"Birth":[167],"teenage":[169,196],"are":[173,184],"strongly":[174],"associated":[175],"later":[177],"delinquency.":[181,206],"Although":[182],"there":[183],"multiple,":[185],"interrelated":[186],"delinquency,":[191],"prevention":[192],"births":[194],"and/or":[197],"may":[200],"help":[201],"prevent":[203],"subsequent":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
