{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982918165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","title":"Heat transfer with nanofluids for electronic cooling","display_name":"Heat transfer with nanofluids for electronic cooling","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982918165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","mag":"1982918165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130031549","display_name":"International Journal of Materials and Product Technology","issn_l":"0268-1900","issn":["0268-1900","1741-5209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Materials and Product Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101707710","display_name":"V. Vasu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262028","display_name":"Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00zkg1t31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Vasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production, V R Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada 520007, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production, V R Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada 520007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113492808","display_name":"K. Rama Krishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9393-7713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9393-7713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Rama Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Freshman Engineering, K L College of Engineering, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 520002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Freshman Engineering, K L College of Engineering, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 520002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011681633","display_name":"Amit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-9012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-9012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10874241","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/002tchr49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10874241"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.C.S. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 072, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 072, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10874241"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67678632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1/2","first_page":"158","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluids","display_name":"nanofluids","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-cooling","display_name":"electronics cooling","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-enhancement","display_name":"heat transfer enhancement","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"thermal conductivity","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al2o3-water-nanofluid","display_name":"Al2O3-water nanofluid","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-relationships","display_name":"empirical correlations","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-volume-fraction","display_name":"nanoparticle volume fraction","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-size","display_name":"nanoparticle size","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependence","display_name":"temperature dependence","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-heat-capacity","display_name":"specific heat","score":0.8410000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.9614278674125671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6958152055740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6953481435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074474","display_name":"Heat transfer fluid","level":3,"score":0.4458605647087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43977436423301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3781583309173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.34449470043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17803725600242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0928034782409668}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2009.022410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130031549","display_name":"International Journal of Materials and Product Technology","issn_l":"0268-1900","issn":["0268-1900","1741-5209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Materials and Product Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6200000047683716}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W315408604","https://openalex.org/W1969596863","https://openalex.org/W1972067347","https://openalex.org/W1972715245","https://openalex.org/W1974014039","https://openalex.org/W1990664180","https://openalex.org/W2010364254","https://openalex.org/W2016213857","https://openalex.org/W2058135277","https://openalex.org/W2062409798","https://openalex.org/W2074370912","https://openalex.org/W2146223377","https://openalex.org/W2148277138","https://openalex.org/W2825176897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542758578","https://openalex.org/W2954369301","https://openalex.org/W2187520401","https://openalex.org/W3198034756","https://openalex.org/W2019822749","https://openalex.org/W2805678200","https://openalex.org/W2359094352","https://openalex.org/W87450009","https://openalex.org/W2363553208","https://openalex.org/W3044310802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"response":[1],"to":[2,48,72,88],"the":[3,49,74],"ever":[4],"increasing":[5],"demand":[6],"for":[7,109,153],"smaller":[8],"and":[9,102,114,120],"lighter":[10],"high":[11],"performance":[12],"cooling":[13],"devices":[14],"a":[15],"new":[16,27],"heat":[17,30,76,101],"transfer":[18,31,77],"liquids":[19],"come":[20],"into":[21],"picture,":[22],"called":[23],"Nanofluids.":[24],"Nanofluids":[25],"are":[26,150],"class":[28],"of":[29,44,66,93,116,122,128],"fluids":[32,146],"developed":[33],"by":[34],"suspending":[35],"nanosized":[36],"solid":[37,45],"particles":[38,46],"in":[39,79,97],"liquids.":[40],"Larger":[41],"thermal":[42,63,98,104,132],"conductivity":[43,133],"compared":[47],"base":[50],"fluid":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53],"water,":[54],"ethylene":[55],"glycol,":[56],"engine":[57],"oil,":[58],"etc.":[59],"significantly":[60],"enhances":[61],"its":[62],"properties.":[64,105],"Numbers":[65],"phenomenological":[67],"models":[68],"have":[69],"been":[70],"proposed":[71],"explain":[73],"anomalous":[75],"enhancement":[78],"nanofluids.":[80],"This":[81,138],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"systematic":[84],"literature":[85],"survey":[86],"observed":[87],"exploit":[89],"several":[90],"characteristic":[91],"behaviours":[92],"nanofluids":[94],"viz.":[95],"increase":[96],"conductivity,":[99],"specific":[100],"other":[103],"An":[106],"empirical":[107],"correlation":[108],"Al2O3":[110],"+":[111],"water":[112],"nanofluid":[113,131],"effects":[115],"temperature,":[117],"volume":[118],"fraction":[119],"size":[121],"nanoparticle":[123],"is":[124,134],"studied.":[125],"The":[126],"effect":[127],"temperature":[129],"on":[130],"also":[135],"brought":[136],"out.":[137],"behaviour":[139],"combined":[140],"with":[141,148],"better":[142],"mechanical":[143],"properties":[144],"makes":[145],"embedded":[147],"nanomaterials":[149],"excellent":[151],"candidates":[152],"future":[154],"applications.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
