{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982914430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","title":"Search of associative memory.","display_name":"Search of associative memory.","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982914430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","mag":"1982914430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110392233","display_name":"Jeroen G. W. Raaijmakers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen G. Raaijmakers","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053621830","display_name":"Richard M. Shiffrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-3212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-3212"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Shiffrin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.7516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1696,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99802427,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"2","first_page":"93","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-memory-retrieval","display_name":"long-term memory retrieval","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-sampling","display_name":"probability sampling","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-recall","display_name":"free recall","score":0.9589999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.5522770285606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5307505130767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49566972255706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.41206175088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35416603088378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.32040542364120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26420557498931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1476728916168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11824551224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.88.2.93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.2.93","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.88.2.93","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.88.2.93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35223124","display_name":"Psychological Review","issn_l":"0033-295X","issn":["0033-295X","1939-1471"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/d0337efc-715d-48d4-b161-9f9e4a82ba82","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/search-of-associative-memory(d0337efc-715d-48d4-b161-9f9e4a82ba82).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Raaijmakers, J G W & Shiffrin, R M 1981, 'Search of associative memory.', Psychological Review, vol. 88, pp. 93-134. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.88.2.93","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/d0337efc-715d-48d4-b161-9f9e4a82ba82","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/search-of-associative-memory(d0337efc-715d-48d4-b161-9f9e4a82ba82).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Raaijmakers, J G W & Shiffrin, R M 1981, 'Search of associative memory.', Psychological Review, vol. 88, pp. 93-134. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.88.2.93","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/d0337efc-715d-48d4-b161-9f9e4a82ba82","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/search-of-associative-memory(d0337efc-715d-48d4-b161-9f9e4a82ba82).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Review, 88, 93 - 134. American Psychological Association","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74704794","https://openalex.org/W204501593","https://openalex.org/W658231348","https://openalex.org/W939605617","https://openalex.org/W1605773274","https://openalex.org/W1841895206","https://openalex.org/W1877307753","https://openalex.org/W1878893887","https://openalex.org/W1964583370","https://openalex.org/W1982077746","https://openalex.org/W1982544614","https://openalex.org/W1985876218","https://openalex.org/W1993808907","https://openalex.org/W1994181118","https://openalex.org/W1996630399","https://openalex.org/W2004771003","https://openalex.org/W2005147794","https://openalex.org/W2005653771","https://openalex.org/W2006223640","https://openalex.org/W2012825346","https://openalex.org/W2013091319","https://openalex.org/W2014344082","https://openalex.org/W2023812191","https://openalex.org/W2026113770","https://openalex.org/W2033240844","https://openalex.org/W2037388133","https://openalex.org/W2037728759","https://openalex.org/W2039675712","https://openalex.org/W2049059074","https://openalex.org/W2050157633","https://openalex.org/W2050969262","https://openalex.org/W2051559112","https://openalex.org/W2052119245","https://openalex.org/W2057246549","https://openalex.org/W2057324844","https://openalex.org/W2057487809","https://openalex.org/W2064332540","https://openalex.org/W2067995170","https://openalex.org/W2069674141","https://openalex.org/W2082767851","https://openalex.org/W2094536313","https://openalex.org/W2099289922","https://openalex.org/W2108525416","https://openalex.org/W2136518479","https://openalex.org/W2139322679","https://openalex.org/W2171638965","https://openalex.org/W2474497681","https://openalex.org/W3015812362","https://openalex.org/W3041214984","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077804929","https://openalex.org/W2046912830","https://openalex.org/W1974468537","https://openalex.org/W1540514728","https://openalex.org/W2107697999","https://openalex.org/W2049114128","https://openalex.org/W279701215","https://openalex.org/W1984090010","https://openalex.org/W2102673654","https://openalex.org/W1902246517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Describes":[0],"search":[1,23],"of":[2,9,17,54,68,71,79,86,89,115],"associative":[3,18,34],"memory":[4,13],"(SAM),":[5],"a":[6,42,47,69,76,120],"general":[7],"theory":[8],"retrieval":[10,43],"from":[11,32,81],"long-term":[12],"that":[14,82,122],"combines":[15],"features":[16],"network":[19,38],"models":[20],"and":[21,30,58],"random":[22,77],"models.":[24],"It":[25],"posits":[26],"cue-dependent":[27],"probabilistic":[28],"sampling":[29],"recovery":[31],"an":[33],"network,":[35],"but":[36],"the":[37,61,84,90],"is":[39],"specified":[40],"as":[41],"structure":[44],"rather":[45],"than":[46,95],"storage":[48],"structure.":[49],"A":[50],"quantitative":[51],"computer":[52],"simulation":[53],"SAM":[55,103],"was":[56,73,93],"developed":[57],"applied":[59],"to":[60],"part-list":[62],"cuing":[63],"paradigm.":[64],"When":[65],"free":[66],"recall":[67],"list":[70],"words":[72,80,92],"cued":[74],"by":[75,111],"subset":[78],"list,":[83],"probability":[85],"recalling":[87],"one":[88],"remaining":[91],"less":[94],"if":[96],"no":[97],"cues":[98],"were":[99],"provided":[100],"at":[101],"all.":[102],"predicted":[104],"this":[105],"effect":[106],"in":[107,118],"all":[108],"its":[109],"variations":[110],"making":[112],"extensive":[113],"use":[114],"interword":[116],"associations":[117],"retrieval,":[119],"process":[121],"previous":[123],"theorizing":[124],"has":[125],"dismissed.":[126],"(55":[127],"ref)":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":69}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
