{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982196263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747901400305","title":"Networks, Neighborhoods, and Communities","display_name":"Networks, Neighborhoods, and Communities","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982196263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747901400305","mag":"1982196263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/107808747901400305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747901400305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747901400305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179682","display_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","issn_l":"0042-0816","issn":["0042-0816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075777371","display_name":"Barry Wellman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-8837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-8837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Wellman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Urban and Community Studies and Department of Sociology University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Urban and Community Studies and Department of Sociology University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011405411","display_name":"Barry Leighton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Leighton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Urban and Community Studies and Department of Sociology University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Urban and Community Studies and Department of Sociology University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.0406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":669,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99445599,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"363","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12231","display_name":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community","display_name":"community","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood","display_name":"neighborhood","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-ties","display_name":"community ties","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociability","display_name":"sociability","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-institutions","display_name":"formal institutions","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"network analysis","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-decline","display_name":"community decline","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.9137420654296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.7523320317268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6627312302589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5829311609268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5478864908218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142189719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276633","display_name":"Interpersonal ties","level":2,"score":0.43010038137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4282049238681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3931640684604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3440682291984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3410036563873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3226318657398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.32062727212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2439402937889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.20624881982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1645554006099701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16284817457199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07208135724067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/107808747901400305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747901400305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747901400305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179682","display_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","issn_l":"0042-0816","issn":["0042-0816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7250000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96518582","https://openalex.org/W298645606","https://openalex.org/W437232634","https://openalex.org/W606224540","https://openalex.org/W642367101","https://openalex.org/W856378522","https://openalex.org/W1484775731","https://openalex.org/W1487279857","https://openalex.org/W1511413730","https://openalex.org/W1545024371","https://openalex.org/W1567331983","https://openalex.org/W1981410982","https://openalex.org/W1982337539","https://openalex.org/W1986263376","https://openalex.org/W2014672736","https://openalex.org/W2017523593","https://openalex.org/W2029231161","https://openalex.org/W2029710827","https://openalex.org/W2032381015","https://openalex.org/W2036254791","https://openalex.org/W2037265139","https://openalex.org/W2038626182","https://openalex.org/W2038631063","https://openalex.org/W2040149881","https://openalex.org/W2042312277","https://openalex.org/W2058268768","https://openalex.org/W2063215243","https://openalex.org/W2066788604","https://openalex.org/W2079487210","https://openalex.org/W2084057790","https://openalex.org/W2088972693","https://openalex.org/W2093317318","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2124449385","https://openalex.org/W2131683230","https://openalex.org/W2132092465","https://openalex.org/W2150034732","https://openalex.org/W2166192274","https://openalex.org/W2207770433","https://openalex.org/W2277965232","https://openalex.org/W2312478972","https://openalex.org/W2313253038","https://openalex.org/W2314718797","https://openalex.org/W2318847226","https://openalex.org/W2322141857","https://openalex.org/W2325606401","https://openalex.org/W2330129829","https://openalex.org/W2331185767","https://openalex.org/W2335080706","https://openalex.org/W2335765195","https://openalex.org/W2479621352","https://openalex.org/W2483699094","https://openalex.org/W2606023619","https://openalex.org/W2726320438","https://openalex.org/W2734704858","https://openalex.org/W2790231988","https://openalex.org/W2797085700","https://openalex.org/W2801062775","https://openalex.org/W2801106069","https://openalex.org/W2966755844","https://openalex.org/W3036798466","https://openalex.org/W3117336078","https://openalex.org/W3122771223","https://openalex.org/W3135145190","https://openalex.org/W4205927938","https://openalex.org/W4231280396","https://openalex.org/W4231515326","https://openalex.org/W4232323869","https://openalex.org/W4233725141","https://openalex.org/W4247274486","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7002214760","https://openalex.org/W4250404258","https://openalex.org/W2015322585","https://openalex.org/W1981410982","https://openalex.org/W4389304298","https://openalex.org/W3149170848","https://openalex.org/W2046156581","https://openalex.org/W2332172643","https://openalex.org/W2039112529","https://openalex.org/W2323361042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"network":[3,40,117],"analytic":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,12],"the":[7,14,19,26,62,81,95,110],"community":[8,27],"question":[9],"in":[10,58,102],"order":[11],"separate":[13],"study":[15,20],"of":[16,21,73],"communities":[17,68],"from":[18],"neighborhoods.":[22],"Three":[23],"arguments":[24,114],"about":[25],"question-that":[28],"\"community\"":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"\"lost,\"":[32],"\"saved,\"":[33],"or":[34],"\"liberated\"-are":[35],"reviewed":[36],"for":[37,122],"their":[38],"development,":[39],"depictions,":[41],"imagery,":[42],"policy":[43],"implications,":[44],"and":[45,76,97,112],"current":[46],"status.":[47],"The":[48],"lost":[49],"argument":[50,64,83],"contends":[51,65],"that":[52,66,85,108],"communal":[53,87],"ties":[54,88],"have":[55,92],"become":[56],"attenuated":[57],"industrial":[59],"bureaucratic":[60],"societies;":[61],"saved":[63,111],"neighborhood":[67,96],"remain":[69],"as":[70,125,127],"important":[71],"sources":[72],"sociability,":[74],"support":[75],"mediation":[77],"with":[78],"formal":[79],"institutions;":[80],"liberated":[82,113],"maintains":[84],"while":[86],"still":[89],"flourish,":[90],"they":[91],"dispersed":[93],"beyond":[94],"are":[98],"no":[99],"longer":[100],"clustered":[101],"solidary":[103],"communities.":[104],"Our":[105],"review":[106],"finds":[107],"both":[109],"proposed":[115],"viable":[116],"patterns":[118],"under":[119],"appropriate":[120],"conditions,":[121],"social":[123],"systems":[124],"well":[126],"individuals.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}