{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982080038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870040404","title":"Differences in the attenuation of ultrasound by normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue","display_name":"Differences in the attenuation of ultrasound by normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982080038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870040404","mag":"1982080038","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/181405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jcu.1870040404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870040404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870040404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35103199","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound","issn_l":"0091-2751","issn":["0091-2751","1097-0096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114076362","display_name":"C. Calder\u00f3n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Calderon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089972270","display_name":"David H. R. Vilkomerson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800295664","display_name":"RCA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/010k8n340","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800295664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Vilkomerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","RCA Laboratories, David Sarnoff Research Center, Princeton, New Jersey 08540"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RCA Laboratories, David Sarnoff Research Center, Princeton, New Jersey 08540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800295664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006188285","display_name":"Reuben Saul Mezrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-6751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-6751"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mezrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036098761","display_name":"K. F. Etzold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. F. Etzold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111452031","display_name":"Benedict Kingsley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Kingsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111795103","display_name":"M E Haskin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Haskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania and RCA Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089972270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800295664"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96866875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"249","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11134","display_name":"Breast Lesions and Carcinomas","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-attenuation","display_name":"ultrasonic attenuation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-tissue","display_name":"breast tissue","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-breast-disease","display_name":"benign breast disease","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medullary-carcinoma","display_name":"medullary carcinoma","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-ultrasound","display_name":"quantitative ultrasound","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-characterization","display_name":"tissue characterization","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8572348356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8033974170684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.7342520356178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195121873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131385","display_name":"Medullary cavity","level":2,"score":0.5949454307556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020109028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9103","display_name":"Breast tissue","level":4,"score":0.4492661654949188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.4344395101070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4214578866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.36945128440856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.2127663493156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.15042230486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09729340672492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08576998114585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0463089644908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001941","descriptor_name":"Breast Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002277","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002285","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014465","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jcu.1870040404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870040404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870040404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35103199","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound","issn_l":"0091-2751","issn":["0091-2751","1097-0096"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:181405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/181405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118573522","https://openalex.org/W1251553402","https://openalex.org/W1566139157","https://openalex.org/W1801360593","https://openalex.org/W2006560552","https://openalex.org/W2012947271","https://openalex.org/W2023569128","https://openalex.org/W2045553135","https://openalex.org/W2055772191","https://openalex.org/W2079180406","https://openalex.org/W2092751614","https://openalex.org/W2097880392","https://openalex.org/W2151610275","https://openalex.org/W4205680144","https://openalex.org/W4234645375","https://openalex.org/W4250646439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W118810612","https://openalex.org/W2020219536","https://openalex.org/W2147634472","https://openalex.org/W2271896786","https://openalex.org/W2162355758","https://openalex.org/W2011300456","https://openalex.org/W2021899392","https://openalex.org/W7095663525","https://openalex.org/W7027170116","https://openalex.org/W2727255814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"quantitative":[1],"measurements":[2],"of":[3,6,11,24,36,45,51,67],"the":[4,34,42,48,64,68],"attenuation":[5,71],"ultrasound":[7,46],"in":[8,28,30,47,70],"18":[9],"samples":[10],"variously":[12],"normal,":[13],"benign,":[14],"and":[15,63],"malignant":[16,39],"breast":[17],"tissue,":[18],"we":[19,56],"found":[20],"significantly":[21],"different":[22],"ranges":[23],"attenuation.":[25],"As":[26],"observed":[27],"previous":[29],"vivo":[31],"studies,":[32],"with":[33],"exception":[35],"medullary":[37],"carcinoma,":[38],"tissue":[40],"produces":[41],"most":[43],"attentuation":[44],"frequency":[49],"range":[50],"1.5":[52],"to":[53],"3.0":[54],"MHz":[55],"employed.":[57],"The":[58],"apparatus,":[59],"measurement":[60],"method,":[61],"results,":[62],"possible":[65],"causes":[66],"differences":[69],"are":[72],"presented.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
