{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981998523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","title":"An Intercomparlson of Three Satellite Infrared Rainfall Techniques over Japan and Surrounding Waters","display_name":"An Intercomparlson of Three Satellite Infrared Rainfall Techniques over Japan and Surrounding Waters","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981998523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","mag":"1981998523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194984","display_name":"Journal of applied meteorology","issn_l":"0021-8952","issn":["0021-8952","0894-8763","1520-0450","2163-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048658151","display_name":"Andrew J. Negri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Negri","raw_affiliation_strings":["+ Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"+ Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105879339","display_name":"Robert F. Adler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7323-9516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7323-9516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["+ Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"+ Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84330445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"357","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-comparison","display_name":"algorithm comparison","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-calibration","display_name":"radar calibration","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-precipitation","display_name":"convective precipitation","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan","display_name":"Japan","score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-sensor-microwave-imager","display_name":"SSM/I","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpcp","display_name":"GPCP","score":0.8579999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6767803430557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6645389795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5580943822860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5373998880386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5303828120231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5116181969642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5030443072319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5025854110717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4650171101093292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134295995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506685","display_name":"Orographic lift","level":3,"score":0.4248759150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.38961684703826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35710740089416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.29916098713874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2521073818206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1272362470626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11282697319984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09874087572097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0357:aiotsi>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194984","display_name":"Journal of applied meteorology","issn_l":"0021-8952","issn":["0021-8952","0894-8763","1520-0450","2163-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Meteorology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.821399986743927}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7127280986","https://openalex.org/W2082027031","https://openalex.org/W835502930","https://openalex.org/W2144244638","https://openalex.org/W2088310199","https://openalex.org/W1975703958","https://openalex.org/W7100083274","https://openalex.org/W1547087934","https://openalex.org/W2154774553","https://openalex.org/W143433207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,185],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"and":[3,33,43,146,173,198,255,285,302,322,336,359],"contrasts":[4],"three":[5,114],"satellite":[6,80,387],"infrared":[7,52,111],"methods":[8],"of":[9,56,78,109,115,163,182,215,244,272,282,299,314,330,333,339,342,354,356,362,365],"estimating":[10,122],"rainfall.":[11],"The":[12,35,136],"World":[13],"Climate":[14],"Research":[15],"Programme's":[16],"Global":[17],"Precipitation":[18],"Climatology":[19],"Project":[20],"held":[21],"its":[22,207],"first":[23],"algorithm":[24],"intercomparison":[25],"during":[26],"June\u2013August":[27],"1989":[28],"over":[29,126,397],"the":[30,40,44,73,79,90,110,116,123,139,153,156,164,183,189,210,232,237,242,245,260,265,273,275,283,286,294,300,307,312,320,334,343,357,366,380,386],"Japanese":[31],"archipelago":[32],"surroundings.":[34],"GOES":[36],"precipitation":[37],"index":[38],"(GPI),":[39],"Negri\u2013Adler\u2013Wetzel":[41],"Technique,":[42],"convective-stratiform":[45],"technique":[46],"(CST)":[47],"were":[48,94,389],"applied":[49],"to":[50,96,100,188,236,306,311,370,391],"hourly":[51,384],"imagery.":[53],"A":[54],"network":[55,64],"radar":[57,165],"data":[58],"calibrated":[59],"by":[60],"a":[61,98,169,219,226,373],"dense":[62],"raingage":[63],"was":[65,186,195,203,234],"used":[66,95,317],"as":[67],"ground":[68],"truth":[69],"but":[70,167,225],"withheld":[71],"from":[72,89,104],"investigators":[74],"until":[75],"after":[76],"submission":[77],"estimates.":[81],"Scattering":[82],"signatures":[83],"in":[84,107,121,192,200,318,376],"concurrent":[85],"86-GHz":[86],"brightness":[87],"temperatures":[88],"Special":[91],"Sensor":[92],"Microwave/Imager":[93],"develop":[97],"method":[99],"discriminate":[101],"nonraining":[102],"cirrus":[103,316],"active":[105],"convection":[106],"two":[108],"techniques.":[112],"All":[113],"IR":[117],"techniques":[118,388],"did":[119],"poorly":[120],"rain":[124,134],"maxima":[125],"southeastern":[127],"Japan":[128],"associated":[129],"with":[130,218,264,304],"shallow":[131,246],"orographic":[132,247],"(warm)":[133],"systems.":[135],"statistics":[137,250],"for":[138,143,256,347],"combined":[140],"2-month":[141],"dataset":[142,233],"both":[144,319],"land":[145],"ocean":[147],"(1.25\u00b0":[148],"grid":[149,349],"boxes)":[150],"indicated":[151],"that":[152,293],"GPI":[154,308],"had":[155,212,327,351],"lowest":[157,266,276],"bias":[158,222,267],"(30":[159],"mm":[160,179,269,279],"or":[161,180,270,280],"25%":[162],"mean)":[166],"also":[168],"low":[170],"correlation":[171,228,288],"(.48)":[172],"high":[174],"root-mean-square":[175],"error":[176],"(rmse)":[177],"(103":[178],"87%":[181],"mean).":[184],"due":[187,310],"GPI's":[190],"overestimate":[191],"June":[193],"(bias":[194,202],"92":[196],"mm)":[197,224],"underestimate":[199],"July\u2013August":[201],"\u221232":[204],"mm).":[205],"Despite":[206,379],"increased":[208],"sophistication,":[209],"CST":[211,261,301],"an":[213],"rmse":[214,277],"104":[216],"mm,":[217],"large":[220],"negative":[221,337,360],"(\u221270":[223],"higher":[227],"coefficient":[229],"(0.66).":[230],"When":[231],"limited":[235,258],"ocean-only":[238],"points":[239],"(to":[240],"remove":[241],"effect":[243],"precipitation),":[248],"new":[249],"emerged.":[251],"Under":[252],"these":[253,377],"restrictions,":[254],"this":[257],"dataset,":[259],"performed":[262],"best,":[263],"(\u221239":[268],"42%":[271],"mean),":[274,284],"(65":[278],"71%":[281],"highest":[287],"(0.79).":[289],"It":[290],"is":[291,309],"believed":[292],"lower":[295],"scatter":[296],"(higher":[297],"correlation)":[298],"NAWT":[303,321],"respect":[305],"discrimination":[313],"thin":[315],"CST.":[323],"Daily":[324],"rainfall":[325],"estimates":[326,346],"rms":[328,352],"errors":[329,353],"almost":[331],"200%":[332],"mean":[335,358],"biases":[338,361],"about":[340],"50%":[341],"mean.":[344,367],"Hourly":[345],"1.25\u00b0":[348],"boxes":[350],"200%\u2013300%":[355],"order":[363],"100%":[364],"Spatial":[368],"averaging":[369],"2.5\u00b0":[371],"showed":[372],"slight":[374],"improvement":[375],"statistics.":[378],"poor":[381],"performance":[382],"on":[383],"scales,":[385],"able":[390],"identify":[392],"diurnal":[393],"signals":[394],"when":[395],"averaged":[396],"1":[398],"month.":[399]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}