{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981969455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120508","title":"Justifying the selection of answers in multiple choice items","display_name":"Justifying the selection of answers in multiple choice items","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981969455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120508","mag":"1981969455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0950069900120508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54332258","display_name":"International Journal of Science Education","issn_l":"0950-0693","issn":["0950-0693","1464-5289"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112245816","display_name":"Pinchas Tamir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pinchas Tamir","raw_affiliation_strings":["a   School of Education and Israel Science Teaching Centre , Hebrew University , Jerusalem,  Israel","School of Education and Israel Science Teaching Centre , Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a   School of Education and Israel Science Teaching Centre , Hebrew University , Jerusalem,  Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Israel Science Teaching Centre , Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112245816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97076559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"563","last_page":"573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice-questions","display_name":"multiple-choice questions","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-analysis","display_name":"item analysis","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-justification","display_name":"student justification","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misconceptions","display_name":"misconceptions","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-assessment","display_name":"diagnostic assessment","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-conceptions","display_name":"student conceptions","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-item-design","display_name":"exam question design","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6974664330482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.6407333016395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4537712037563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44195854663848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4236496686935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4225628077983856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18653687834739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1405838429927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07162484526634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0950069900120508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069900120508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54332258","display_name":"International Journal of Science Education","issn_l":"0950-0693","issn":["0950-0693","1464-5289"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642179876","https://openalex.org/W1599144054","https://openalex.org/W1969167987","https://openalex.org/W2005747652","https://openalex.org/W2051116728","https://openalex.org/W4231072797","https://openalex.org/W4240310297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005747652","https://openalex.org/W2002515044","https://openalex.org/W7160635916","https://openalex.org/W2726775710","https://openalex.org/W1981162800","https://openalex.org/W1988149068","https://openalex.org/W2095180633","https://openalex.org/W2581573161","https://openalex.org/W2081218565","https://openalex.org/W2058935422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"multiple":[1,40],"choice":[2,41],"tests,":[3],"as":[4],"commonly":[5],"used,":[6,15],"can":[7],"be":[8,66,79],"rightly":[9],"criticized,":[10],"their":[11,58],"structure,":[12],"when":[13],"wisely":[14],"makes":[16],"them":[17],"an":[18],"excellent":[19],"diagnostic":[20,75],"tool":[21],"for":[22,57],"identifying":[23],"students\u2019":[24],"conceptions,":[25],"including":[26],"misconceptions.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"offers":[30],"a":[31],"number":[32],"of":[33,39,51,61,74],"useful":[34],"guidelines":[35],"regarding":[36],"the":[37,49,52,62,72],"analysis":[38],"items.":[42],"A":[43],"special":[44],"reference":[45],"is":[46],"made":[47],"to":[48],"use":[50],"justifications":[53,70],"that":[54,77],"students":[55],"provide":[56],"choices.":[59],"Examples":[60],"procedures,":[63],"which":[64],"may":[65,78],"used":[67],"in":[68],"analysing":[69],"and":[71],"kinds":[73],"information":[76],"obtained,":[80],"are":[81],"provided.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}