{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981851376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","title":"C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men","display_name":"C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981851376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","mag":"1981851376","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9892589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028480812","display_name":"Wolfgang K\u00f6enig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Koenig","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081444848","display_name":"Malte Sund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8020-9854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8020-9854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malte Sund","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082628728","display_name":"Margit Fr\u00f6hlich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margit Fro\u0308hlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053537152","display_name":"Hans-G\u00fcnther Fischer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Gu\u0308nther Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051369880","display_name":"Hannelore L\u00f6wel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannelore Lo\u0308wel","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111725513","display_name":"Angela D\u00f6ring","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Do\u0308ring","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111723294","display_name":"Winston L. Hutchinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winston L. Hutchinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079554246","display_name":"Mark B. Pepys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-3248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-3248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801748203","display_name":"Hammersmith Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05jg8yp15","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I2801748203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155144","display_name":"University Hospital Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05emabm63","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark B. Pepys","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (W.K., M.F., H.-G.F.); GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, MEDIS Institute (M.S.) and Institute of Epidemiology (H.L., A.D.), Neuherberg, Germany; and Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK (W.L.H., M.B.P.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I3018134672","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Str 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210155144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immunological Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801748203","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":69.3201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1964,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99955296,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"2","first_page":"237","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.8622999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.8622999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.061799999326467514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-prediction","display_name":"cardiovascular risk prediction","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerosis","display_name":"atherosclerosis","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrombosis","display_name":"thrombosis","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-men","display_name":"middle-aged men","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9195777177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6967961192131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422766","display_name":"C-reactive protein","level":3,"score":0.6763349771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.6244840621948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.5889519453048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5266163945198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5159674286842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.4978373050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.42863625288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4224367141723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.35402971506118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002097","descriptor_name":"C-Reactive Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9892589","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9892589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:90711","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/90711/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Circulation , 99 (2) pp. 237-242. (1999)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de:24086","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=24086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196115","display_name":"Site cant be reached","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Circulation 99, 237-242 (1999)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135353536","https://openalex.org/W187625178","https://openalex.org/W201579954","https://openalex.org/W202019503","https://openalex.org/W302001711","https://openalex.org/W629637854","https://openalex.org/W1536087023","https://openalex.org/W1552329178","https://openalex.org/W1552484764","https://openalex.org/W1651383390","https://openalex.org/W1678210387","https://openalex.org/W1774830833","https://openalex.org/W1951306029","https://openalex.org/W1971585818","https://openalex.org/W1976512535","https://openalex.org/W1980840278","https://openalex.org/W1997013992","https://openalex.org/W2001907964","https://openalex.org/W2003870338","https://openalex.org/W2011092724","https://openalex.org/W2011589019","https://openalex.org/W2011987876","https://openalex.org/W2016186842","https://openalex.org/W2016857736","https://openalex.org/W2031498851","https://openalex.org/W2035853710","https://openalex.org/W2047513823","https://openalex.org/W2058312167","https://openalex.org/W2082732764","https://openalex.org/W2093664978","https://openalex.org/W2094513619","https://openalex.org/W2097019798","https://openalex.org/W2117770728","https://openalex.org/W2119815048","https://openalex.org/W2120549911","https://openalex.org/W2130535532","https://openalex.org/W2131594005","https://openalex.org/W2135479614","https://openalex.org/W2137069092","https://openalex.org/W2137570167","https://openalex.org/W2141402879","https://openalex.org/W2149899765","https://openalex.org/W2154746915","https://openalex.org/W2167591919","https://openalex.org/W2171667110","https://openalex.org/W2172006543","https://openalex.org/W2313786688","https://openalex.org/W2315575691","https://openalex.org/W2316376271","https://openalex.org/W2409536281","https://openalex.org/W2614805886","https://openalex.org/W3004546326","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214264311","https://openalex.org/W2042391364","https://openalex.org/W2042401120","https://openalex.org/W2392043923","https://openalex.org/W2980705091","https://openalex.org/W2114436559","https://openalex.org/W1970476551","https://openalex.org/W2416374284","https://openalex.org/W1986301599","https://openalex.org/W2755645953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Inflammatory":[1],"reactions":[2],"in":[3,10,76,97,151,200,240,258],"coronary":[4,45,71],"plaques":[5],"play":[6],"an":[7,211],"important":[8],"role":[9],"the":[11,58,66,93,98,125,132,166,181,201,207,224,236],"pathogenesis":[12,259],"of":[13,36,44,60,68,83,134,143,188,204,213,227,233,238,246,260],"acute":[14],"atherothrombotic":[15],"events;":[16],"inflammation":[17,37,255],"elsewhere":[18],"is":[19,256],"also":[20],"associated":[21,146],"with":[22,65,147,196],"both":[23],"atherogenesis":[24],"generally":[25],"and":[26,106,116,131],"its":[27,263],"thrombotic":[28],"complications.":[29,265],"Recent":[30],"studies":[31],"indicate":[32],"that":[33,253],"systemic":[34,231],"markers":[35],"can":[38],"identify":[39],"subjects":[40],"at":[41,90],"high":[42],"risk":[43,203,237],"events.":[46],"METHODS":[47],"AND":[48],"RESULTS:":[49],"We":[50],"used":[51],"a":[52,114,148,186,192,197,229,241],"sensitive":[53,230],"immunoradiometric":[54],"assay":[55],"to":[56,80,104,159,173,218,235],"examine":[57],"association":[59],"serum":[61],"C-reactive":[62],"protein":[63],"(CRP)":[64],"incidence":[67,133],"first":[69,99],"major":[70],"heart":[72],"disease":[73],"(CHD)":[74],"event":[75],"936":[77],"men":[78],"45":[79],"64":[81],"years":[82],"age.":[84],"The":[85,138],"subjects,":[86],"who":[87],"were":[88,107],"sampled":[89],"random":[91],"from":[92,185],"general":[94],"population,":[95],"participated":[96],"MONICA":[100],"Augsburg":[101],"survey":[102],"(1984":[103],"1985)":[105],"followed":[108],"for":[109,164,178],"8":[110],"years.":[111],"There":[112],"was":[113,122,154,168],"positive":[115],"statistically":[117],"significant":[118],"unadjusted":[119],"relationship,":[120],"which":[121],"linear":[123],"on":[124],"log-hazards":[126],"scale,":[127],"between":[128],"CRP":[129,205],"values":[130],"CHD":[135,144,239],"events":[136,145],"(n=53).":[137],"hazard":[139],"rate":[140],"ratio":[141],"(HRR)":[142],"1-SD":[149],"increase":[150],"log-CRP":[152],"level":[153],"1.67":[155],"(95%":[156,170,215],"CI,":[157,171,216],"1.29":[158],"2.":[160,174],"17).":[161],"After":[162],"adjustment":[163],"age,":[165],"HRR":[167,212],"1.60":[169],"1.23":[172],"08).":[175],"Adjusting":[176],"further":[177],"smoking":[179],"behavior,":[180],"only":[182],"variable":[183],"selected":[184,244],"variety":[187],"potential":[189],"confounders":[190],"by":[191],"forward":[193],"stepping":[194],"process":[195],"5%":[198],"change":[199],"relative":[202],"as":[206],"selection":[208],"criterion,":[209],"yielded":[210],"1.50":[214],"1.14":[217],"1.97).":[219],"CONCLUSIONS:":[220],"These":[221],"results":[222],"confirm":[223],"prognostic":[225],"relevance":[226],"CRP,":[228],"marker":[232],"inflammation,":[234],"large,":[242],"randomly":[243],"cohort":[245],"initially":[247],"healthy":[248],"middle-aged":[249],"men.":[250],"They":[251],"suggest":[252],"low-grade":[254],"involved":[257],"atherosclerosis,":[261],"especially":[262],"thrombo-occlusive":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":77}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
