{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981605901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014002005","title":"The Sheriff and the Cowboys: or Weaver's Support of Astbury and Pauling","display_name":"The Sheriff and the Cowboys: or Weaver's Support of Astbury and Pauling","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981605901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014002005","mag":"1981605901","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11611464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/030631284014002005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014002005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014002005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68632876","display_name":"Social Studies of Science","issn_l":"0036-8539","issn":["0036-8539","0306-3127","1460-3659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Studies of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047688090","display_name":"Robert Olby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Olby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of the History and Philosophy of Science, Department of Philosophy, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of the History and Philosophy of Science, Department of Philosophy, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047688090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89016052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"244","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.8838000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.8838000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.09380000084638596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/francis-crick","display_name":"Francis Crick","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/james-watson","display_name":"James Watson","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linus-pauling","display_name":"Linus Pauling","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rosalind-franklin","display_name":"Rosalind Franklin","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-molecular-biology","display_name":"history of molecular biology","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historiography-of-science","display_name":"historiography of science","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reductionism","display_name":"reductionism","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waddington","display_name":"Waddington","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needham","display_name":"Needham","score":0.8669999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779271205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053973","display_name":"Temptation","level":2,"score":0.8705250024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29598333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50675","display_name":"Historiography","level":2,"score":0.6341785192489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5985168218612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.4911164939403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.42242157459259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4030227065086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4007880687713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3540109395980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3523269295692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3104214072227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.2149266004562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20917341113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10903948545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.10506382584571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000047","descriptor_name":"Academies and Institutes","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005582","descriptor_name":"Foundations","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008967","descriptor_name":"Molecular Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012952","descriptor_name":"Societies","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/030631284014002005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014002005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014002005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68632876","display_name":"Social Studies of Science","issn_l":"0036-8539","issn":["0036-8539","0306-3127","1460-3659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Studies of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11611464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11611464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social studies of science","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580343720","https://openalex.org/W1508225465","https://openalex.org/W1970760350","https://openalex.org/W2061691980","https://openalex.org/W2082322757","https://openalex.org/W2906662335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864622006","https://openalex.org/W2127744461","https://openalex.org/W2022043260","https://openalex.org/W2061691980","https://openalex.org/W2082322757","https://openalex.org/W109594261","https://openalex.org/W7218088124","https://openalex.org/W992055234","https://openalex.org/W2025777613","https://openalex.org/W2920670982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"raised":[0],"a":[1,19],"number":[2],"of":[3,14,42,49,66,87,123,146,161],"objections.":[4],"Abir-Am's":[5,47],"originality":[6],"in":[7,11,62,159],"reinterpreting":[8],"Weaver's":[9],"role":[10],"the":[12,43,54,63,74,80,85,96,106,118,129,143,147,162,191],"genesis":[13],"molecular":[15],"biology":[16],"has":[17],"yielded":[18],"truly":[20],"provocative":[21],"alternative.":[22],"The":[23],"subject":[24],"is":[25],"now":[26],"declared":[27],"controversial!":[28],"May":[29],"I":[30],"'put":[31],"my":[32],"oar":[33],"in'":[34],"with":[35,142],"two":[36],"historiographical":[37],"objections":[38],"and":[39,78,92,98,136,151,157,176,188,194],"three":[40],"matters":[41],"historical":[44],"record.":[45],"(1)":[46],"reconstruction":[48],"Rockefeller":[50],"funding":[51],"policy":[52],"tempts":[53],"reader":[55],"to":[56,104,110,131,169],"cast":[57],"her":[58],"subjects":[59],"for":[60],"roles":[61],"Western":[64],"film":[65],"'How":[67],"Molecular":[68],"Biology":[69],"was":[70],"Won'":[71],"-":[72],"Weaver":[73,116],"wicked":[75],"sheriff,":[76],"Astbury":[77],"Pauling":[79],"opportunistic":[81],"empire":[82],"builders,":[83],"plundering":[84],"territory":[86],"honest":[88],"biology.":[89],"And":[90],"Waddington":[91],"Needham?":[93],"They":[94],"were":[95],"genuine":[97],"God-fearing":[99],"proto-molecular":[100],"biologists":[101],"whose":[102],"attempt":[103],"reach":[105],"promised":[107],"land,":[108],"known":[109],"us":[111],"as":[112,134],"Watson-Crickdom,":[113],"failed":[114],"because":[115],"barred":[117],"way.":[119],"We":[120,138],"are":[121],"aware,":[122],"course,":[124],"that":[125,140],"we":[126,167],"should":[127],"resist":[128],"temptation":[130],"identify":[132],"actors":[133],"'goodies'":[135],"'baddies'.":[137],"learned":[139],"lesson":[141],"old":[144],"story":[145],"confrontation":[148],"between":[149,174,178],"science":[150],"theology,":[152],"analyzed":[153],"by":[154],"A.D.":[155],"White":[156],"others":[158],"terms":[160],"'Conflict":[163],"Thesis'.":[164],"Yet":[165],"here":[166],"appear":[168],"have":[170],"another":[171],"conflict":[172],"thesis":[173],"reductionists":[175],"anti-reductionists,":[177],"opportunistic,":[179],"secure-investment,":[180],"figures":[181,197],"who":[182,198],"did":[183],"not":[184],"think":[185],"'biological'":[186],"(Astbury":[187],"Pauling)":[189],"on":[190],"one":[192],"hand,":[193],"genuine,":[195],"insecure-investment,":[196],"thought":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
