{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981190486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","title":"Organisms, Machines, and Thunderstorms: A History of Self-Organization, Part Two. Complexity, Emergence, and Stable Attractors","display_name":"Organisms, Machines, and Thunderstorms: A History of Self-Organization, Part Two. Complexity, Emergence, and Stable Attractors","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981190486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","mag":"1981190486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","pdf_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article-pdf/39/1/1/547183/hsns_2009_39_1_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96327655","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","issn_l":"1939-1811","issn":["1939-1811","1939-182X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article-pdf/39/1/1/547183/hsns_2009_39_1_1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028585998","display_name":"Evelyn Fox Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-852X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-852X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evelyn Fox Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 77 Massachusetts Ave., E51-171, Cambridge, MA 02139; efkeller@mit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 77 Massachusetts Ave., E51-171, Cambridge, MA 02139; efkeller@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028585998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.6063,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99114107,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.635699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.635699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.30219998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organization","display_name":"self-organization","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-systems","display_name":"complex systems","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergence","display_name":"emergence","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stable-attractors","display_name":"stable attractors","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paradigm-shift","display_name":"paradigm shift","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-emergence","display_name":"spontaneous emergence","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thunderstorms","display_name":"thunderstorms","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.647571861743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5689423680305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.5596524477005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5258840918540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106960710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609408","display_name":"Self-organization","level":2,"score":0.48347288370132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.4579557180404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42977219820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.42814934253692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993782284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214078","display_name":"Scientific revolution","level":2,"score":0.4209652245044708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3498947024345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3374674618244171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3091331124305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.287231981754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.27776235342025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.23904651403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20525699853897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18959695100784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14733627438545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11137774586677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.10415750741958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","pdf_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article-pdf/39/1/1/547183/hsns_2009_39_1_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96327655","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","issn_l":"1939-1811","issn":["1939-1811","1939-182X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/50263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Evelyn Fox Keller","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.1.1","pdf_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article-pdf/39/1/1/547183/hsns_2009_39_1_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96327655","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","issn_l":"1939-1811","issn":["1939-1811","1939-182X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981190486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981190486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162533270","https://openalex.org/W400845942","https://openalex.org/W619809052","https://openalex.org/W1553139091","https://openalex.org/W1966151890","https://openalex.org/W1970321745","https://openalex.org/W1972963245","https://openalex.org/W1974470186","https://openalex.org/W1975068880","https://openalex.org/W1980661496","https://openalex.org/W1990876666","https://openalex.org/W1995397995","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2017086692","https://openalex.org/W2046874050","https://openalex.org/W2070368466","https://openalex.org/W2087895317","https://openalex.org/W2132886043","https://openalex.org/W2141394518","https://openalex.org/W2163480486","https://openalex.org/W2209103964","https://openalex.org/W2477240785","https://openalex.org/W2562537005","https://openalex.org/W2769133055","https://openalex.org/W2991668532","https://openalex.org/W3046665857","https://openalex.org/W3087107130","https://openalex.org/W4210529517","https://openalex.org/W4253270763","https://openalex.org/W4256081943","https://openalex.org/W4301493934","https://openalex.org/W4312576455","https://openalex.org/W4389991701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045029461","https://openalex.org/W3178256362","https://openalex.org/W2156183358","https://openalex.org/W1262304830","https://openalex.org/W1974775509","https://openalex.org/W2491273597","https://openalex.org/W322217516","https://openalex.org/W94428642","https://openalex.org/W4214569889","https://openalex.org/W2489167253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Part":[0],"Two":[1],"of":[2,20,57,72,89],"this":[3,46,87],"essay":[4],"focuses":[5],"on":[6,104,122],"what":[7],"might":[8],"be":[9],"called":[10],"the":[11,18,24,50,58,73,101,119,123],"third":[12],"and":[13,53,66,78],"most":[14],"recent":[15],"chapter":[16],"in":[17,22,36,49,118],"history":[19],"self-organization,":[21,90],"which":[23],"term":[25],"has":[26],"been":[27],"claimed":[28],"to":[29,68,110,116],"denote":[30],"a":[31],"paradigm":[32],"shift":[33],"or":[34],"revolution":[35],"scientific":[37],"thinking":[38],"about":[39],"complex":[40],"systems.":[41],"The":[42],"developments":[43],"responsible":[44],"for":[45],"claim":[47],"began":[48],"late":[51],"1960s":[52],"came":[54],"directly":[55],"out":[56],"physical":[59,81],"sciences.":[60],"They":[61],"rapidly":[62],"attracted":[63],"wide":[64],"interest":[65],"led":[67],"yet":[69],"another":[70],"redrawing":[71],"boundaries":[74],"between":[75],"organisms,":[76],"machines,":[77],"naturally":[79],"occurring":[80],"systems":[82],"(such":[83],"as":[84],"thunderstorms).":[85],"In":[86],"version":[88],"organisms":[91],"are":[92,113],"once":[93],"again":[94],"set":[95],"apart":[96],"from":[97],"machines":[98],"precisely":[99],"because":[100],"latter":[102],"depend":[103],"an":[105],"outside":[106],"designer,":[107],"but\u2014in":[108],"contrast":[109],"Kant's":[111],"ontology\u2014they":[112],"now":[114],"assimilated":[115],"patterns":[117],"inorganic":[120],"world":[121],"grounds":[124],"that":[125],"they,":[126],"too,":[127],"like":[128],"many":[129],"biological":[130],"phenomena,":[131],"arise":[132],"spontaneously.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}