{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981123660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","title":"Acid Value Reduction Process in Mixed Crude Palm Oil by Using Low-Grade Ethanol","display_name":"Acid Value Reduction Process in Mixed Crude Palm Oil by Using Low-Grade Ethanol","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981123660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","mag":"1981123660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67425620","display_name":"Advanced materials research","issn_l":"1022-6680","issn":["1022-6680","1662-8985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020456039","display_name":"Intarat Naruemon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-2867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-2867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naruemon Intarat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince of Songkla University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince of Songkla University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091836248","display_name":"Krit Somnuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-5120","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-5120"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krit Somnuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince of Songkla University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince of Songkla University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009088759","display_name":"Thanansak Theppaya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanansak Theppaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince of Songkla University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince of Songkla University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091626249","display_name":"Gumpon Prateepchaikul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gumpon Prateepchaikul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince of Songkla University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince of Songkla University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020456039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2203,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57850433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"1025-1026","issue":null,"first_page":"677","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10909","display_name":"Edible Oils Quality and Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-value-reduction","display_name":"acid value reduction","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel","display_name":"biodiesel","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transesterification","display_name":"transesterification","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-catalyzed-transesterification","display_name":"base-catalyzed transesterification","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfuric-acid-catalyst","display_name":"sulfuric acid catalyst","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-ethyl-esters","display_name":"fatty acid ethyl esters","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-optimization","display_name":"process optimization","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7268412113189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53477387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907280","display_name":"Acid value","level":2,"score":0.7020387053489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780161600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","display_name":"Ethanol","level":2,"score":0.6686491370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118","display_name":"Sulfuric acid","level":2,"score":0.5776840448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777241282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576","display_name":"Transesterification","level":3,"score":0.5774765014648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5413228869438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.5300312638282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.5120235085487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.49310967326164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.48273345828056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.4519512355327606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.44570764899253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55062507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726627","display_name":"Cetane number","level":4,"score":0.4294300675392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.4249490797519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3323969542980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.31705737113952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.28713786602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.27952802181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.1369887888431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67425620","display_name":"Advanced materials research","issn_l":"1022-6680","issn":["1022-6680","1662-8985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67425620","display_name":"Advanced materials research","issn_l":"1022-6680","issn":["1022-6680","1662-8985"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322692","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985865325","https://openalex.org/W1989834688","https://openalex.org/W2005356898","https://openalex.org/W2014108488","https://openalex.org/W2034873773","https://openalex.org/W2041745633","https://openalex.org/W2057807331","https://openalex.org/W2065032012","https://openalex.org/W2104418358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117989931","https://openalex.org/W2034873773","https://openalex.org/W2562085607","https://openalex.org/W2041745633","https://openalex.org/W2048133527","https://openalex.org/W2146016114","https://openalex.org/W2016757536","https://openalex.org/W3134562438","https://openalex.org/W2376015467","https://openalex.org/W2388874039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,68],"Thailand,":[1],"the":[2,33,43,62,71,83,87,109,118,123,135,148,165,194],"ethanol":[3,36,74,120],"production":[4],"was":[5,79,105,170,199],"produced":[6],"from":[7,30,126],"factory":[8],"fermentation":[9],"of":[10,35,190,196],"many":[11],"food":[12],"crops":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"sugar":[16],"cane,":[17],"molasses,":[18],"and":[19,42,55,111,158,181],"cassava.":[20],"Thus,":[21],"this":[22,69],"alcohol":[23],"is":[24],"not":[25],"required":[26],"to":[27,81,107,129,141,173,182],"be":[28,139],"imported":[29],"abroad.":[31],"Moreover,":[32,164],"advantages":[34],"over":[37],"methanol":[38],"are":[39,162],"less":[40,130,174,183],"toxic,":[41],"fatty":[44,63],"acid":[45,64,84,124,166],"ethyl":[46],"ester":[47],"(FAEE)":[48],"has":[49],"higher":[50],"heat":[51],"content,":[52],"cetane":[53],"number":[54],"lower":[56],"cloud":[57],"point,":[58],"pour":[59],"point":[60],"than":[61,131,175,184],"methyl":[65],"esters":[66],"(FAME).":[67],"study,":[70],"95%":[72,119],"commercial":[73],"(as":[75],"a":[76,98],"low-grade":[77],"ethanol)":[78],"used":[80,140],"reduce":[82],"value":[85,125,167],"in":[86,168],"mixed":[88],"crude":[89],"palm":[90],"oil":[91,137],"(MCPO).":[92],"The":[93,114],"Response":[94],"surface":[95],"methodology":[96],"(RSM),":[97],"5-level":[99],"2-factor":[100],"central":[101],"composite":[102],"design":[103],"(CCD),":[104],"employed":[106],"optimize":[108],"ethanol,":[110,153],"sulfuric":[112,156],"acid.":[113],"results":[115],"showed":[116],"that":[117],"can":[121,138],"reduced":[122,172],"34.5":[127],"mgKOH/g":[128,177,186],"2":[132],"mgKOH/g.":[133],"Therefore,":[134],"esterified":[136],"produce":[142],"biodiesel":[143],"by":[144],"base-catalyzed":[145],"transesterification":[146],"when":[147,193],"optimal":[149,197],"condition:":[150],"81.3":[151],"vol.%":[152,155],"10":[154],"acid,":[157],"75\u00b0C":[159],"reaction":[160,191],"temperature":[161],"used.":[163],"MCPO":[169],"sharply":[171],"7.477":[176],"at":[178],"5":[179],"min,":[180],"1.621":[185],"after":[187],"30":[188],"min":[189],"time":[192],"model":[195],"condition":[198],"verified.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}