{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980877480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2538586","title":"Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in Europe","display_name":"Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in Europe","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980877480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2538586","mag":"1980877480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2538586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2538586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2538586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99767407","display_name":"International Security","issn_l":"0162-2889","issn":["0162-2889","1531-4804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057045775","display_name":"John J. Mearsheimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3312-9129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3312-9129"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John J. Mearsheimer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057045775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96436264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.030400000512599945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons","display_name":"nuclear weapons","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-deterrence","display_name":"nuclear deterrence","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nato","display_name":"NATO","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no-first-use","display_name":"no first use","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-escalation","display_name":"nuclear escalation","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warsaw-pact","display_name":"Warsaw Pact","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-defense","display_name":"conventional defense","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-europe","display_name":"Central Europe","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-nuclear-movement","display_name":"anti-nuclear movement","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.7429983019828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.7341455817222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780982575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332142","display_name":"Deterrence (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6399718523025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.5582291483879089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.38637876510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.37699106335639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3627547025680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3213489353656769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21795719861984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18929094076156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12735959887504578}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2538586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2538586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2538586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99767407","display_name":"International Security","issn_l":"0162-2889","issn":["0162-2889","1531-4804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/446100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/446100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65169176","https://openalex.org/W71737144","https://openalex.org/W223318366","https://openalex.org/W312568532","https://openalex.org/W330598756","https://openalex.org/W601489914","https://openalex.org/W615318707","https://openalex.org/W1506443334","https://openalex.org/W1532447543","https://openalex.org/W1563756451","https://openalex.org/W1602798568","https://openalex.org/W1969313312","https://openalex.org/W1971304139","https://openalex.org/W1972344198","https://openalex.org/W2011444779","https://openalex.org/W2017871541","https://openalex.org/W2022385024","https://openalex.org/W2023276900","https://openalex.org/W2023334453","https://openalex.org/W2025545447","https://openalex.org/W2028574755","https://openalex.org/W2036602833","https://openalex.org/W2042148650","https://openalex.org/W2042248842","https://openalex.org/W2044832487","https://openalex.org/W2051370283","https://openalex.org/W2056490982","https://openalex.org/W2059418487","https://openalex.org/W2059954376","https://openalex.org/W2066324222","https://openalex.org/W2067733605","https://openalex.org/W2080555253","https://openalex.org/W2091236251","https://openalex.org/W2098861026","https://openalex.org/W2103655637","https://openalex.org/W2110703883","https://openalex.org/W2117027596","https://openalex.org/W2117372559","https://openalex.org/W2118275466","https://openalex.org/W2122470966","https://openalex.org/W2166769065","https://openalex.org/W2259098120","https://openalex.org/W2314959227","https://openalex.org/W2317387278","https://openalex.org/W2321407087","https://openalex.org/W2326781485","https://openalex.org/W2327135197","https://openalex.org/W2334512102","https://openalex.org/W2495322157","https://openalex.org/W2553136137","https://openalex.org/W2595630669","https://openalex.org/W2605957710","https://openalex.org/W2606872707","https://openalex.org/W2795607409","https://openalex.org/W2796757501","https://openalex.org/W2800183119","https://openalex.org/W2800343301","https://openalex.org/W2804488189","https://openalex.org/W3005764837","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091830545","https://openalex.org/W2504072091","https://openalex.org/W308483726","https://openalex.org/W2498882505","https://openalex.org/W2489279658","https://openalex.org/W3107606023","https://openalex.org/W2481416023","https://openalex.org/W2498431169","https://openalex.org/W2499396688","https://openalex.org/W3107372565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0],"The":[1],"famous":[2],"\u201dgang":[3],"of":[4,41,55,104,131,138,148,151],"four\u2019\u2019":[5],"article":[6],"in":[7,12,38,91,113],"Foreign":[8],"Affairs":[9],"and":[10,100,173],"voices":[11],"the":[13,53,129,146,149],"American":[14],"antinuclear":[15],"movement":[16],"have":[17],"forcefully":[18],"opened":[19],"an":[20,84,162],"important":[21],"strategic":[22],"debate":[23],"by":[24],"recommending":[25],"that":[26,44,48,142],"NATO":[27,45,70,154],"adopt":[28],"a":[29,66,108,117],"\u201dno":[30],"first":[31],"use\u201d":[32],"(NFU)":[33],"policy":[34,120,164],"for":[35,145],"nuclear":[36,56,78,110,132,152],"weapons":[37,133],"Europe.\u2019":[39],"Advocates":[40],"NFU":[42,81,85,105,119,139,163,169],"maintain":[43],"should":[46,71],"declare":[47],"it":[49,97],"will":[50],"not":[51],"initiate":[52],"use":[54],"weapons.":[57,79],"Specifically,":[58],"if":[59],"NATO\u2019s":[60,92],"conventional":[61,159],"forces":[62],"fail":[63],"to":[64,77,95,123,143],"contain":[65],"Warsaw":[67],"Pact":[68],"offensive,":[69],"accept":[72],"defeat":[73],"rather":[74],"than":[75],"turn":[76],"As":[80],"advocates":[82,103],"recognize,":[83],"declaration":[86],"would":[87,106,121],"also":[88,140],"require":[89,124],"changes":[90],"force":[93,174],"posture":[94,175],"give":[96],"practical":[98],"meaning":[99],"effect.":[101],"Some":[102],"create":[107],"limited":[109],"free":[111],"zone":[112],"Central":[114],"Europe,":[115],"although":[116],"meaningful":[118],"seem":[122],"larger":[125],"changes,":[126],"probably":[127],"including":[128],"removal":[130,147],"from":[134],"continental":[135],"Europe.":[136],"Proponents":[137],"recognize":[141],"compensate":[144],"threat":[150],"escalation,":[153],"must":[155],"improve":[156],"markedly":[157],"its":[158],"defenses":[160],"before":[161],"can":[165],"be":[166],"adopted.2":[167],"Thus,":[168],"incorporates":[170],"both":[171],"doctrinal":[172],"adjustments.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
