{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980414454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100201","title":"The Chinese Work Unit and Transient Labor in the Transition from Socialism","display_name":"The Chinese Work Unit and Transient Labor in the Transition from Socialism","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980414454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100201","mag":"1980414454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/009770049502100201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175590358","display_name":"Modern China","issn_l":"0097-7004","issn":["0097-7004","1552-6836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern China","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019541181","display_name":"Dorothy J. Solinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dorothy J. Solinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of ]Califorma, Irvine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of ]Califorma, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019541181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.981363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"155","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14003","display_name":"Labor Law and Work Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13473","display_name":"Economic Zones and Regional Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-units","display_name":"work units","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/danwei","display_name":"danwei","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-migration","display_name":"labor migration","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-reform","display_name":"economic reform","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-from-socialism","display_name":"transition from socialism","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-owned-enterprises","display_name":"state-owned enterprises","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factory-employment","display_name":"factory employment","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-benefits","display_name":"welfare benefits","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779220025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838811","display_name":"Peasant","level":2,"score":0.7619954347610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7195162773132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.6109232306480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.5972356200218201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501299471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7272","display_name":"Socialism","level":4,"score":0.5659653544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5132534503936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4842033386230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47095924615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.44354793429374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4166721701622009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3853604197502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3710845708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3706092834472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3595393896102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3299466371536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2880370616912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.2382698357105255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18576785922050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542948173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186","display_name":"Communism","level":3,"score":0.16728481650352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09607890248298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09343266487121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/009770049502100201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175590358","display_name":"Modern China","issn_l":"0097-7004","issn":["0097-7004","1552-6836"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern China","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228118119","https://openalex.org/W572483765","https://openalex.org/W1491243917","https://openalex.org/W1501296474","https://openalex.org/W1972900775","https://openalex.org/W1975026673","https://openalex.org/W1980042587","https://openalex.org/W1983126031","https://openalex.org/W1985528059","https://openalex.org/W2000084816","https://openalex.org/W2020703232","https://openalex.org/W2033447866","https://openalex.org/W2034639265","https://openalex.org/W2046616335","https://openalex.org/W2064350917","https://openalex.org/W2075125475","https://openalex.org/W2086562314","https://openalex.org/W2139151901","https://openalex.org/W2142329861","https://openalex.org/W2150702696","https://openalex.org/W2277569980","https://openalex.org/W2282273504","https://openalex.org/W2312544326","https://openalex.org/W2317872766","https://openalex.org/W3130722667","https://openalex.org/W3157556833","https://openalex.org/W4240765700","https://openalex.org/W4250718615","https://openalex.org/W4300491474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W315530561","https://openalex.org/W4243613994","https://openalex.org/W1519103540","https://openalex.org/W2935112975","https://openalex.org/W2125471220","https://openalex.org/W4410730701","https://openalex.org/W4308207939","https://openalex.org/W4255608005","https://openalex.org/W2795763464","https://openalex.org/W239699121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,21,27,40,75,89,95,101,107,120,128,136,147,164,168,175,196],"coming":[2],"of":[3,56,77,123,158,184,192],"economic":[4,108],"reform":[5],"in":[6,14,20,32,39,47,64,72,88,119,135,144,146,156,167,189],"China,":[7],"migrant":[8],"peasant":[9],"labor":[10],"has":[11],"entered":[12],"industry":[13],"large":[15,65],"numbers.":[16],"Unlike":[17],"such":[18],"workers":[19],"past-who":[22],"served":[23],"as":[24,67],"temporaries":[25],"from":[26,127],"communes":[28],"contracted":[29,70],"to":[30,142],"produce":[31],"urban":[33,170],"state":[34,81,165],"firms,":[35],"or":[36],"who":[37],"remained":[38],"rural":[41],"areas,":[42],"toiling":[43],"for":[44],"their":[45,84],"units":[46,193],"collective":[198],"small":[49],"industries":[50],"(see":[51],"Walder,":[52],"1986:":[53],"48-56)-this":[54],"section":[55],"today's":[57],"floating":[58],"population'":[59],"is":[60,91,97,112,116],"working":[61],"full-time,":[62],"and":[63,100,187,200],"numbers,":[66],"wage-compensated,":[68],"individually":[69],"employees":[71],"factories.2":[73],"Neither":[74],"hiring":[76],"these":[78],"peasants":[79],"by":[80,86],"firms":[82,138],"nor":[83],"employment":[85],"enterprises":[87,202],"countryside":[90],"new,":[92],"but":[93],"today":[94,150],"scale":[96],"far":[98],"larger":[99],"procedures":[102],"more":[103],"regularized":[104],"than":[105],"before":[106],"reforms;":[109],"moreover,":[110],"there":[111],"one":[113],"element":[114],"that":[115,140],"altogether":[117],"novel":[118],"People's":[121],"Republic":[122],"China":[124,145],"(PRC):":[125],"people":[126],"fields":[129],"are":[130],"now":[131],"also":[132],"finding":[133],"jobs":[134],"foreign-funded":[137],"(FFFs)":[139],"began":[141],"appear":[143],"1980s.3":[148],"So":[149],"we":[151],"find":[152],"once(and":[153],"sometime-)4":[154],"farmers":[155],"factories":[157],"two":[159],"gross":[160],"types:":[161],"those":[162,188],"within":[163],"sector,":[166],"old":[169],"state-owned":[171],"industrial":[172],"factories,":[173],"called":[174],"danwei":[176],"(or":[177],"work":[178],"unit),5":[179],"with":[180],"its":[181],"well-known":[182],"panoply":[183],"welfare":[185],"benefits;":[186],"several":[190],"types":[191],"outside":[194],"it:":[195],"so-called":[197],"town":[199],"village":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
