{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980412809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","title":"Exercise and Sport Performance with Low Doses of Caffeine","display_name":"Exercise and Sport Performance with Low Doses of Caffeine","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980412809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","mag":"1980412809","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355191","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4213371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137994755","display_name":"Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0112-1642","issn":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1980412809"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047046365","display_name":"Lawrence L. Spriet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-2385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-2385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence L. Spriet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G\u00a02W1, Canada, lspriet@uoguelph.ca","#N#        Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G\u00a02W1, Canada, lspriet@uoguelph.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#        Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047046365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"apc_list":{"value":5790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5790},"apc_paid":{"value":5790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5790},"fwci":2.3575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":379,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91725105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"S2","first_page":"175","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-caffeine","display_name":"low-dose caffeine","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergogenic-aids","display_name":"ergogenic aids","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-performance","display_name":"exercise performance","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletic-performance","display_name":"athletic performance","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"central nervous system","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-attention","display_name":"sustained attention","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alertness","display_name":"alertness","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"mood","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-performance","display_name":"cognitive performance","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine-side-effects","display_name":"caffeine side effects","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-individual-variability","display_name":"interindividual variability","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.9437524080276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200678441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423044","display_name":"Alertness","level":2,"score":0.6614145040512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6016467809677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776868573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46855","display_name":"Sprint","level":2,"score":0.5888895988464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.5809151530265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5519218444824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.46921291947364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.467038094997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43623244762420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193230392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663054","display_name":"Ingestion","level":2,"score":0.4283022880554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4188512861728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3805959224700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2965225577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29521942138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.24713367223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1107977032661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.08897316455841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000339","descriptor_name":"Affect","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010807","descriptor_name":"Physical Endurance","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054874","descriptor_name":"Athletic Performance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137994755","display_name":"Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0112-1642","issn":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3186691","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4213371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25355191","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4213371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4213371/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.806.5007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.806.5007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/8f/67/40279_2014_Article_257.PMC4213371.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-014-0257-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137994755","display_name":"Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0112-1642","issn":["0112-1642","1179-2035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321049","display_name":"World Anti-Doping Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3jqn19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1980412809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1980412809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22385800","https://openalex.org/W1583539528","https://openalex.org/W1764559127","https://openalex.org/W1802125465","https://openalex.org/W1885213424","https://openalex.org/W1958996366","https://openalex.org/W1964019375","https://openalex.org/W1964144599","https://openalex.org/W1964197172","https://openalex.org/W1970701554","https://openalex.org/W1971598905","https://openalex.org/W1974098713","https://openalex.org/W1986583165","https://openalex.org/W1987892604","https://openalex.org/W2003470435","https://openalex.org/W2003633462","https://openalex.org/W2003950460","https://openalex.org/W2004711103","https://openalex.org/W2008257260","https://openalex.org/W2011297056","https://openalex.org/W2012486977","https://openalex.org/W2012553932","https://openalex.org/W2023545429","https://openalex.org/W2025937271","https://openalex.org/W2026711480","https://openalex.org/W2029587149","https://openalex.org/W2030126648","https://openalex.org/W2038147650","https://openalex.org/W2039480904","https://openalex.org/W2039735584","https://openalex.org/W2041661910","https://openalex.org/W2043566689","https://openalex.org/W2044898519","https://openalex.org/W2046349103","https://openalex.org/W2054475193","https://openalex.org/W2055716790","https://openalex.org/W2059794055","https://openalex.org/W2076522584","https://openalex.org/W2077620623","https://openalex.org/W2077985682","https://openalex.org/W2081068191","https://openalex.org/W2081951580","https://openalex.org/W2082964080","https://openalex.org/W2092318720","https://openalex.org/W2093420192","https://openalex.org/W2094671932","https://openalex.org/W2101270817","https://openalex.org/W2103392442","https://openalex.org/W2104378522","https://openalex.org/W2105174204","https://openalex.org/W2106320363","https://openalex.org/W2107037784","https://openalex.org/W2107977843","https://openalex.org/W2116055648","https://openalex.org/W2125148277","https://openalex.org/W2127544211","https://openalex.org/W2127819214","https://openalex.org/W2128193351","https://openalex.org/W2129670071","https://openalex.org/W2130116174","https://openalex.org/W2131522944","https://openalex.org/W2131750607","https://openalex.org/W2132913317","https://openalex.org/W2134663262","https://openalex.org/W2136442095","https://openalex.org/W2141827597","https://openalex.org/W2142308331","https://openalex.org/W2143586287","https://openalex.org/W2146737228","https://openalex.org/W2161231484","https://openalex.org/W2164009696","https://openalex.org/W2165845864","https://openalex.org/W2171226065","https://openalex.org/W2339728476","https://openalex.org/W2398671548","https://openalex.org/W2416285441","https://openalex.org/W2500658589","https://openalex.org/W2608167918","https://openalex.org/W3014214116","https://openalex.org/W3028384354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955347205","https://openalex.org/W2093077305","https://openalex.org/W2141827597","https://openalex.org/W4416290671","https://openalex.org/W2006562886","https://openalex.org/W2025487385","https://openalex.org/W4211041777","https://openalex.org/W2084512092","https://openalex.org/W4416290674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Caffeine":[0],"is":[1,199],"a":[2,156],"popular":[3],"work-enhancing":[4],"supplement":[5],"that":[6],"has":[7,18,83],"been":[8,84],"actively":[9],"researched":[10],"since":[11],"the":[12,20,43,48,95,125,138,161,186],"1970s.":[13],"The":[14,170],"majority":[15],"of":[16,22,64,128,145,149,158,175,188,191],"research":[17],"examined":[19],"effects":[21,41,163],"moderate":[23],"to":[24,45,99,133,172,183],"high":[25],"caffeine":[26,37,65,89,130,150,176,192],"doses":[27,38,63,90,131,148,174],"(5-13":[28],"mg/kg":[29,67],"body":[30,68],"mass)":[31],"on":[32,42,164,201],"exercise":[33,46,77],"and":[34,51,57,78,105,107,111,114,153,167,180,197],"sport.":[35],"These":[36],"have":[39],"profound":[40],"responses":[44,98,171],"at":[47],"whole-body":[49,97],"level":[50],"are":[52,72,116,177],"associated":[53,117],"with":[54,118],"variable":[55,179],"results":[56],"some":[58,76],"undesirable":[59],"side":[60,122],"effects.":[61,123],"Low":[62],"(<3":[66],"mass,":[69],"~200":[70,189],"mg)":[71],"also":[73,178],"ergogenic":[74,126,200],"in":[75,137],"sport":[79],"situations,":[80],"although":[81],"this":[82],"less":[85],"well":[86],"studied.":[87],"Lower":[88],"(1)":[91],"do":[92],"not":[93],"alter":[94],"peripheral":[96],"exercise;":[100,113],"(2)":[101],"improve":[102],"vigilance,":[103],"alertness,":[104],"mood":[106],"cognitive":[108],"processes":[109],"during":[110,195],"after":[112],"(3)":[115],"few,":[119],"if":[120],"any,":[121],"Therefore,":[124],"effect":[127],"low":[129,147,173],"appears":[132],"result":[134],"from":[135,155],"alterations":[136],"central":[139],"nervous":[140],"system.":[141],"However,":[142],"several":[143],"aspects":[144],"consuming":[146],"remain":[151],"unresolved":[152],"suffer":[154],"paucity":[157],"research,":[159],"including":[160],"potential":[162],"high-intensity":[165],"sprint":[166],"burst":[168],"activities.":[169],"athletes":[181],"need":[182],"determine":[184],"whether":[185],"ingestion":[187],"mg":[190],"before":[193],"and/or":[194],"training":[196],"competitions":[198],"an":[202],"individual":[203],"basis.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
