{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980390686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0009","title":"The Proto-Oceanic Labiovelars: Some New Observations","display_name":"The Proto-Oceanic Labiovelars: Some New Observations","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980390686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0009","mag":"1980390686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72964507","display_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","issn_l":"0029-8115","issn":["0029-8115","1527-9421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021078537","display_name":"John William Lynch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7902"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Lynch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021078537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95855805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"310","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilabial-consonants","display_name":"bilabial consonants","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proto-malayo-polynesian","display_name":"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proto-austronesian","display_name":"Proto-Austronesian","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonotactics","display_name":"phonotactics","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-conditioning","display_name":"phonological conditioning","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borrowing","display_name":"borrowing","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissimilation","display_name":"dissimilation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel-rounding","display_name":"vowel rounding","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanic-languages","display_name":"Oceanic languages","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7424689531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779065236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49228","display_name":"Austronesian languages","level":2,"score":0.6243937015533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5819080471992493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4768521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512366","display_name":"Phonotactics","level":3,"score":0.5584800839424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.5235373973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.44791752099990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4364803731441498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3073227107524872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21847224235534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08734950423240662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08000335097312927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72964507","display_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","issn_l":"0029-8115","issn":["0029-8115","1527-9421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/3623313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3623313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3623313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72964507","display_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","issn_l":"0029-8115","issn":["0029-8115","1527-9421"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315682","host_organization_name":"University of Hawaii Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315682"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Hawaii Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oceanic Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/37693","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/37693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569722153","https://openalex.org/W578513931","https://openalex.org/W608103926","https://openalex.org/W631406993","https://openalex.org/W636480495","https://openalex.org/W1518201946","https://openalex.org/W1572836284","https://openalex.org/W1968515265","https://openalex.org/W1973541339","https://openalex.org/W1982570495","https://openalex.org/W1985786901","https://openalex.org/W2007176798","https://openalex.org/W2046415647","https://openalex.org/W2079470623","https://openalex.org/W2770978353","https://openalex.org/W4255927886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W606131271","https://openalex.org/W649517925","https://openalex.org/W3192118557","https://openalex.org/W4283788450","https://openalex.org/W173200841","https://openalex.org/W6930670919","https://openalex.org/W2003919814","https://openalex.org/W3011626842","https://openalex.org/W2188567538","https://openalex.org/W4404600415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,221,344],"Proto-Oceanic":[1,9,103,130,251],"Labiovelars:Some":[2],"New":[3,393,410],"Observations":[4],"John":[5],"Lynch":[6],"Abstract":[7],"Although":[8],"has":[10,230,508,580],"been":[11,40,119,231,287],"reconstructed":[12,288],"as":[13,97,349,453,588],"having":[14],"three":[15],"labiovelar":[16,104,167,225,333,377,564],"consonants":[17,226,515],"(*bw,":[18],"*pw,":[19],"and":[20,53,121,131,140,150,176,189,257,263,303,321,325,409,416,430,471,516,533,550,618,649],"*mw)":[21],"that":[22,92,117,147,372,469,610],"contrast":[23,172,260,274],"with":[24,90,261,275,573,595],"simple":[25,174],"bilabials,":[26],"this":[27,449],"distinction":[28,183],"was":[29],"apparently":[30],"not":[31,278,641],"present":[32],"in":[33,67,79,99,129,143,196,213,216,227,237,250,273,306,319,341,362,423,455,477,570,606,637],"Proto-Austronesian":[34,290],"or":[35,62,292,375,381,426,498],"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.":[36],"Various":[37],"theories":[38,114],"have":[39,118,286,373,486,602,611],"proposed":[41,120],"to":[42,58,123,164,171,184,203,208,243,312,327,354,356,445,495,537,555,589],"account":[43,59,328],"for":[44,60,289,329,505,623],"their":[45,135,461],"origin;":[46],"few":[47],"go":[48],"into":[49],"any":[50],"real":[51],"detail,":[52],"no":[54,366,657],"single":[55],"theory":[56],"seems":[57],"most":[61],"all":[63],"of":[64,81,86,96,115,127,160,180,194,223,234,253,271,316,332,359,384,391,438,480,593,652,659],"the":[65,72,112,125,141,178,181,190,224,248,254,266,269,301,307,314,330,385,388,395,400,404,412,417,435,478,590,653],"facts":[66],"a":[68,102,107,232,350,428,431,481,496,499,507,509,543,603,617,650],"satisfactory":[69],"manner.":[70],"At":[71],"same":[73],"time,":[74],"there":[75],"are":[76,152,451],"numerous":[77],"inconsistencies":[78],"reflexes":[80],"many":[82],"etyma":[83],"containing":[84],"one":[85,374,424],"these":[87,317],"phonemes,":[88],"even":[89],"languages":[91,229,383,559,586],"can":[93],"be":[94,209,244,467,475],"thought":[95],"\"exemplary\"":[98],"normally":[100,545],"reflecting":[101],"separately":[105],"from":[106,443],"bilabial.":[108],"This":[109,298],"paper":[110,299],"evaluates":[111],"various":[113,357],"origin":[116],"attempts":[122,311],"explain":[124,204],"development":[126,222,315],"labiovelars":[128,195,206,305,594,601,639,660],"its":[132],"early":[133],"descendants,":[134],"somewhat":[136],"unusual":[137],"phonotactic":[138],"distribution,":[139],"inconsistency":[142],"correspondences.":[144],"I":[145,200],"suggest":[146],"phonological":[148],"conditioning":[149],"borrowing":[151],"both":[153,474],"involved,":[154],"but":[155,547],"also":[156,201,326,517],"propose":[157],"other":[158],"factors\u2014dissimilation":[159],"rounded":[161,551,596,644],"vowels":[162,645],"adjacent":[163,494,536,554],"newly":[165,197],"created":[166,198],"allophones,":[168],"which":[169,259],"led":[170],"between":[173,335],"bilabials":[175],"labiovelars;":[177],"use":[179],"bilabial/labiovelar":[182],"distinguish":[185],"semantically":[186],"similar":[187],"forms;":[188],"increased":[191],"functional":[192],"load":[193],"words.":[199],"try":[202],"why":[205],"seem":[207],"considerably":[210,442],"more":[211,376],"frequent":[212],"Eastern":[214],"than":[215],"Western":[217],"Oceanic.":[218],"1.":[219,630],"Introduction.":[220],"Oceanic":[228,308,323,336,342,369,406,585],"topic":[233],"considerable":[235],"interest":[236],"comparative":[238],"Austronesian":[239],"phonology.1":[240],"There":[241],"appears":[242],"good":[245],"evidence":[246,267],"supporting":[247,268],"reconstruction":[249,270],"(POC)":[252],"phonemes":[255,318,360,378,421,452],"*bw":[256],"*mw,":[258],"*b":[262],"*m,":[264],"though":[265,434],"*pw":[272],"*p":[276],"is":[277,347,529,544,568],"quite":[279],"so":[280],"strong.":[281],"No":[282],"such":[283],"contrasts,":[284],"however,":[285],"(PAN)":[291],"Malayo-Polynesian":[293],"(PMP).":[294],"[End":[295,634],"Page":[296,635],"310]":[297],"examines":[300],"distribution\u2014phonotactic":[302],"genetic\u2014of":[304],"subgroup.":[309],"It":[310],"describe":[313],"POC":[320],"Proto-Eastern":[322],"(PEOC),":[324],"irregularity":[331],"correspondences":[334],"languages.":[337,370],"2.":[338],"Labiovelar":[339,420],"Phonemes":[340],"Languages.":[343],"term":[345,352],"\"labiovelar\"":[346],"used":[348],"cover":[351],"here":[353,459],"refer":[355],"kinds":[358],"found":[361],"some":[363,558,599],"(but":[364],"by":[365,460],"means":[367],"all)":[368,382],"Languages":[371],"include":[379],"(some":[380],"Admiralties":[386],"family,":[387,403,415],"Schouten":[389],"family":[390,407],"North":[392],"Guinea,":[394],"Nuclear":[396],"Papuan":[397],"Tip":[398],"linkage,":[399],"Southeast":[401],"Solomonic":[402],"Southern":[405],"(Vanuatu":[408],"Caledonia),":[411],"Central":[413],"Pacific":[414],"Micronesian":[418],"family.":[419],"combine,":[422],"way":[425],"another,":[427],"bilabial":[429,497,514],"velar":[432],"articulation,":[433],"phonetic":[436,462],"manifestation":[437],"labiovelarization":[439],"may":[440,473],"vary":[441,587],"language":[444],"language.":[446],"Included":[447],"under":[448],"label":[450],"described":[454],"table":[456],"1":[457],"(represented":[458],"norms),":[463],"where":[464],"it":[465,528],"will":[466],"noted":[468],"velarization":[470],"rounding":[472],"involved":[476],"production":[479],"labiovelar.":[482,500],"Vowel":[483],"phonemes\u2014especially":[484],"a\u2014often":[485],"different":[487],"allophones":[488],"depending":[489],"on":[490],"whether":[491],"they":[492],"occur":[493,614,642],"In":[501,539,557,598],"Lewo":[502],"(Early":[503,646],"1994:56),":[504],"example,":[506],"fronted":[510],"allophone":[511],"[\u00e6]":[512],"following":[513],"preceding":[518],"v":[519],"(thus":[520],"mare":[521],"[m\u00e6re]":[522],"'die',":[523],"eveklavi":[524],"[e\u03b2ekl\u00e6\u03b2i]":[525],"'afternoon'),":[526],"whereas":[527],"central":[530],"[a]":[531,546],"elsewhere,":[532],"specifically":[534],"when":[535,553],"labiovelars.":[538,556],"Anejo":[540],"(Lynch":[541],"2000:19),":[542],"occurs":[548],"backed":[549],"[]":[552],"like":[560],"Loniu":[561],"(Hamel":[562],"1994:20-21),":[563],"+":[565,575],"front":[566],"vowel":[567],"often":[569],"free":[571],"variation":[572],"labial":[574],"back":[576],"vowel\u2014that":[577],"is,":[578],"pwi":[579],"an":[581],"alternative":[582],"pronunciation":[583],"pu.":[584],"possible":[591],"combinations":[592],"vowels.":[597],"languages,":[600],"restricted":[604],"distribution:":[605],"those":[607],"Fijian":[608],"dialects":[609],"them,":[612],"\"labiovelars":[613],"only":[615],"before":[616,643,661],"e\"":[619],"(Geraghty":[620],"1983:49);":[621],"Click":[622],"larger":[624],"view":[625],"View":[626],"full":[627],"resolution":[628],"Table":[629],"Descriptions":[631],"Of":[632],"Labiovelars":[633],"311]":[636],"Lewo,":[638],"do":[640],"1994:47,":[647],"48);":[648],"search":[651],"Lau":[654],"dictionary":[655],"shows":[656],"cases":[658],"u":[662],"and...":[663]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
