{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980308182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298","title":"The chemistry of photography. I. Historical considerations","display_name":"The chemistry of photography. I. Historical considerations","publication_year":1927,"publication_date":"1927-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980308182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298","mag":"1980308182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/ed004p298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105208853","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","issn_l":"0021-9584","issn":["0021-9584","1938-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113641650","display_name":"Samuel Edward Sheppard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. E. Sheppard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113641650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0500236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"298","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13268","display_name":"Photographic and Visual Arts","score":0.6987000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13268","display_name":"Photographic and Visual Arts","score":0.6987000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12868","display_name":"Photography and Visual Culture","score":0.1324000060558319,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.07599999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"photography","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-photography","display_name":"history of photography","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photographic-chemistry","display_name":"photographic chemistry","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photographic-processes","display_name":"photographic processes","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6664380431175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474","display_name":"Icon","level":2,"score":0.6561198234558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.5466112494468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778407487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14565201","display_name":"Altmetrics","level":2,"score":0.5357866287231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5111790299415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5036985278129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.4354393780231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.33863288164138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33524584770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3177354633808136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.313635915517807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.21275243163108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1868586540222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/ed004p298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105208853","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","issn_l":"0021-9584","issn":["0021-9584","1938-1328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5199999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043754303","https://openalex.org/W1995698928","https://openalex.org/W2006149532","https://openalex.org/W3152258746","https://openalex.org/W3100829328","https://openalex.org/W1981521111","https://openalex.org/W2031707136","https://openalex.org/W4205360906","https://openalex.org/W3199305894","https://openalex.org/W1998094812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ADVERTISEMENT":[0],"RETURN":[1],"TO":[2],"ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe":[3],"chemistry":[4],"of":[5,47,82,108],"photography.":[6],"I.":[7],"Historical":[8],"considerationsS.":[9],"E.":[10],"Sheppard":[11],"Cite":[12],"this:":[13],"J.":[14],"Chem.":[15],"Educ.":[16],"1927,":[17],"4,":[18],"3,":[19],"298Publication":[20],"Date":[21],"(Print):March":[22],"1,":[23],"1927Publication":[24],"History":[25],"Received3":[26],"August":[27],"2009Published":[28],"online1":[29],"March":[30,34],"1927Published":[31],"inissue":[32],"1":[33],"1927https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p298RIGHTS":[35],"&":[36],"PERMISSIONSArticle":[37],"Views345Altmetric-Citations6LEARN":[38],"ABOUT":[39],"THESE":[40],"METRICSArticle":[41],"Views":[42],"are":[43,66,79],"the":[44,75,80,109,120,133,136,141,148,154],"COUNTER-compliant":[45],"sum":[46],"full":[48],"text":[49],"article":[50,114],"downloads":[51],"since":[52],"November":[53],"2008":[54],"(both":[55],"PDF":[56,176],"and":[57,62,91,135,152,168,170],"HTML)":[58],"across":[59],"all":[60],"institutions":[61],"individuals.":[63],"These":[64],"metrics":[65],"regularly":[67],"updated":[68,92],"to":[69,74],"reflect":[70],"usage":[71],"leading":[72],"up":[73],"last":[76],"few":[77],"days.Citations":[78],"number":[81],"other":[83],"articles":[84],"citing":[85],"this":[86],"article,":[87],"calculated":[88],"by":[89],"Crossref":[90,98],"daily.":[93],"Find":[94,144],"more":[95,145],"information":[96,146],"about":[97,132],"citation":[99],"counts.The":[100],"Altmetric":[101,149],"Attention":[102,150],"Score":[103,151],"is":[104,156],"a":[105,112,125],"quantitative":[106],"measure":[107],"attention":[110],"that":[111],"research":[113],"has":[115],"received":[116],"online.":[117],"Clicking":[118],"on":[119,147],"donut":[121],"icon":[122],"will":[123],"load":[124],"page":[126],"at":[127],"altmetric.com":[128],"with":[129,164],"additional":[130],"details":[131],"score":[134,155],"social":[137],"media":[138],"presence":[139],"for":[140],"given":[142],"article.":[143],"how":[153],"calculated.":[157],"Share":[158,173],"Add":[159],"toView":[160],"InAdd":[161],"Full":[162],"Text":[163],"ReferenceAdd":[165],"Description":[166],"ExportRISCitationCitation":[167],"abstractCitation":[169],"referencesMore":[171],"Options":[172],"onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked":[174],"InReddit":[175],"(7":[177],"MB)":[178],"Get":[179,181],"e-Alerts":[180,182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}