{"id":"https://openalex.org/W197997510","doi":null,"title":"SAVINGS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: AN ISSUE OF CAUSALITY","display_name":"SAVINGS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: AN ISSUE OF CAUSALITY","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W197997510","mag":"197997510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:197997510","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-CurrentIssue/PESR%20Summer%202008/2%20SAJID%20Savings%20and%20Economic%20Growth.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026239079","display_name":"G. M. Sajid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. M. Sajid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073906088","display_name":"Mudassira Sarfraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8591"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mudassira Sarfraz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8591","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92485147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.12039999663829803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savings","display_name":"savings","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"causality","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-savings","display_name":"public savings","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-savings","display_name":"personal savings","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-national-product","display_name":"gross national product","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"gross domestic product","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.807047963142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.7816636562347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115781380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994824","display_name":"Gross fixed capital formation","level":3,"score":0.702360212802887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.6991250514984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5454912185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.5420651435852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.496268093585968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50880648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17019416","display_name":"Gross output","level":3,"score":0.46634501218795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46502068638801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.4536738097667694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4506181478500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779860848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979674","display_name":"National savings","level":3,"score":0.43793267011642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4320722818374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.31477850675582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.22747433185577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:197997510","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-CurrentIssue/PESR%20Summer%202008/2%20SAJID%20Savings%20and%20Economic%20Growth.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607183891","https://openalex.org/W1533819329","https://openalex.org/W1543037062","https://openalex.org/W1587141723","https://openalex.org/W1596774055","https://openalex.org/W1607114662","https://openalex.org/W1607566401","https://openalex.org/W1719655960","https://openalex.org/W1982320435","https://openalex.org/W2005888056","https://openalex.org/W2051697733","https://openalex.org/W2056020224","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2073728453","https://openalex.org/W2116890252","https://openalex.org/W2134626207","https://openalex.org/W2138554598","https://openalex.org/W2148976563","https://openalex.org/W2170545956","https://openalex.org/W2178225550","https://openalex.org/W2178452869","https://openalex.org/W2253249125","https://openalex.org/W3121695959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014986605","https://openalex.org/W2253249125","https://openalex.org/W6990410914","https://openalex.org/W1939966064","https://openalex.org/W2222418194","https://openalex.org/W2099188919","https://openalex.org/W1505813830","https://openalex.org/W3124248545","https://openalex.org/W2612769863","https://openalex.org/W1596774055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,46,83,104,130,144,171],"objective":[1],"of":[2,23,90,94,100,102,109,117,124,128,193,200],"the":[3,21,30,88,110,113,122],"paper":[4],"is":[5,62,96],"to":[6,25,37,70,78,157,168,180],"investigate":[7],"causal":[8,39],"relationship":[9,40,54,134],"between":[10,41,55,136],"savings":[11,42,56,69,77,95,120,179,196],"and":[12,29,43,57,73,75,141,159,162],"output":[13,58,71,125],"in":[14,92,126],"Pakistan":[15],"by":[16],"using":[17],"quarterly":[18],"data":[19],"for":[20],"period":[22],"1973:1":[24],"2003:4.":[26],"co-integration":[28],"vector":[31],"error":[32],"correction":[33],"techniques":[34],"are":[35],"used":[36],"explore":[38],"economic":[44],"growth.":[45],"results":[47,84,108,145,189],"suggest":[48],"bi-directional":[49],"or":[50],"mutual":[51,133],"long":[52,64,106],"run":[53,65,107,132,150,173,188],"level.":[59],"However,":[60],"there":[61],"unidirectional":[63,148],"causality":[66,151,174],"from":[67,152,163,177],"public":[68,169],"(GNP":[72],"GDP),":[74],"private":[76],"gross":[79,137,153,164,181],"national":[80,154,158,178],"product":[81,139,155,166,183],"(GNP).":[82],"also":[85,146],"indicate":[86,147],"that":[87,99,119,195],"speed":[89],"adjustment":[91],"case":[93,127],"stronger":[97],"than":[98],"level":[101,123,199],"output.":[103,201],"overall":[105,186],"study":[111],"favour":[112,190],"capital":[114],"fundamentalist's":[115],"point":[116,192],"view":[118,194],"precede":[121],"Pakistan.":[129],"short":[131,149,172,187],"exists":[135],"domestic":[138,142,160,165,182],"(GDP)":[140,167],"savings.":[143,170],"(GNP)":[156],"savings;":[161],"runs":[175],"only":[176],"(GDP).":[184],"So":[185],"Keynesian":[191],"depend":[197],"upon":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
