{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979940087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","title":"Why is the climate forcing of sulfate aerosols so uncertain?","display_name":"Why is the climate forcing of sulfate aerosols so uncertain?","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979940087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","mag":"1979940087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63270775","display_name":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences","issn_l":"0256-1530","issn":["0256-1530","1861-9533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109505235","display_name":"Rong\u2010Ming Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088553","display_name":"Centre National de Recherches M\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques","ror":"https://ror.org/004rej139","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210088553","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Rongming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting scientist,\n        CNRM, Meteo-France on leave of absence from Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China","Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scientist,\n        CNRM, Meteo-France on leave of absence from Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088553","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109136399","display_name":"Serge Planton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088553","display_name":"Centre National de Recherches M\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques","ror":"https://ror.org/004rej139","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210088553","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serge Planton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050443919","display_name":"Michel D\u00e9qu\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088553","display_name":"Centre National de Recherches M\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques","ror":"https://ror.org/004rej139","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210088553","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel D\u00e9que","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042851333","display_name":"Pascal Marquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-1525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-1525","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-6636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088553","display_name":"Centre National de Recherches M\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques","ror":"https://ror.org/004rej139","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210088553","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Marquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113840212","display_name":"Alain Braun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088553","display_name":"Centre National de Recherches M\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques","ror":"https://ror.org/004rej139","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210088553","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting scientist,\n        Centre national de recherches m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, Meteo, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75222625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"1103","last_page":"1120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate-aerosols","display_name":"sulfate aerosols","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-forcing","display_name":"radiative forcing","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-radiative-effect","display_name":"direct radiative effect","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-radiative-effect","display_name":"indirect radiative effect","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-condensation-nuclei","display_name":"cloud condensation nuclei","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-cloud-interactions","display_name":"aerosol-cloud interactions","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-feedback","display_name":"cloud feedback","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"albedo","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-forcing-uncertainty","display_name":"climate forcing uncertainty","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99578197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1463606","display_name":"Radiative forcing","level":3,"score":0.8125715255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.721733808517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.6571137309074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6528202295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6521174311637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779681926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117936","display_name":"Sulfate aerosol","level":3,"score":0.6488564610481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.6161933541297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.6054391264915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5873996019363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114203453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135702","display_name":"Cloud forcing","level":4,"score":0.5765522122383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5678638219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7337166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292280","display_name":"Earth's energy budget","level":3,"score":0.5177930593490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.5075713396072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906347","display_name":"Cloud condensation nuclei","level":3,"score":0.5002751350402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778552899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77607","display_name":"Single-scattering albedo","level":3,"score":0.42419955134391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3289076089859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2174437940120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1938856542110443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.16568157076835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10490036010742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09736046195030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-001-0026-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63270775","display_name":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences","issn_l":"0256-1530","issn":["0256-1530","1861-9533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3144996115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cqvip.com/QK/84334X/200106/1001447986.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306546735","display_name":"\u5927\u6c14\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u5927\u6c14\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8895040","https://openalex.org/W602724992","https://openalex.org/W1970011503","https://openalex.org/W1970099391","https://openalex.org/W1972977968","https://openalex.org/W1973843499","https://openalex.org/W1975196041","https://openalex.org/W1979939918","https://openalex.org/W1981719480","https://openalex.org/W1984500880","https://openalex.org/W1986006395","https://openalex.org/W1994424484","https://openalex.org/W1994659341","https://openalex.org/W1998793293","https://openalex.org/W2002729582","https://openalex.org/W2016627454","https://openalex.org/W2019906359","https://openalex.org/W2021444687","https://openalex.org/W2031197642","https://openalex.org/W2031805068","https://openalex.org/W2033695853","https://openalex.org/W2034499914","https://openalex.org/W2036387729","https://openalex.org/W2040620579","https://openalex.org/W2046136706","https://openalex.org/W2046325291","https://openalex.org/W2047167353","https://openalex.org/W2052980577","https://openalex.org/W2060565377","https://openalex.org/W2066349989","https://openalex.org/W2069461995","https://openalex.org/W2069962980","https://openalex.org/W2070497864","https://openalex.org/W2079157346","https://openalex.org/W2094317073","https://openalex.org/W2101763849","https://openalex.org/W2124665620","https://openalex.org/W2139250874","https://openalex.org/W2155466521","https://openalex.org/W2177317898","https://openalex.org/W2178505592","https://openalex.org/W2732513810","https://openalex.org/W2959902657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055178836","https://openalex.org/W2036875134","https://openalex.org/W2072707484","https://openalex.org/W2058517227","https://openalex.org/W2019906359","https://openalex.org/W3212154649","https://openalex.org/W2064904752","https://openalex.org/W2047167353","https://openalex.org/W1914154099","https://openalex.org/W1556337326"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}