{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978995203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","title":"Two-dimensional turbulence","display_name":"Two-dimensional turbulence","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978995203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","mag":"1978995203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105282323","display_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","issn_l":"0034-4885","issn":["0034-4885","1361-6633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1978995203"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072639249","display_name":"Robert H. Kraichnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R H Kraichnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057051356","display_name":"DAVID C. MONTGOMERY","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0314-8868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0314-8868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Montgomery","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"],"apc_list":{"value":4680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4680},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.5333,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99821082,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"547","last_page":"619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-turbulence","display_name":"two-dimensional turbulence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vorticity","display_name":"vorticity","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-cascade","display_name":"turbulent cascade","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"predictability","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotating-sphere","display_name":"rotating sphere","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-diffusion","display_name":"turbulent diffusion","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-magnetohydrodynamics","display_name":"two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-turbulence","display_name":"plasma turbulence","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrodynamic-turbulence","display_name":"hydrodynamic turbulence","score":0.875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9307175874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.8381980657577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200114574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143513","display_name":"Vorticity","level":3,"score":0.6773229241371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6237363815307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5660517811775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99874945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188715","display_name":"Statistical mechanics","level":2,"score":0.564174473285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31532427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2549249","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5582613945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.5369052886962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110808204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7854778","display_name":"Turbulent diffusion","level":3,"score":0.5238140225410461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150711758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148242","display_name":"K-epsilon turbulence model","level":3,"score":0.5044170618057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.47008514404296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189223162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18386383","display_name":"K-omega turbulence model","level":4,"score":0.45435085892677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.4243791401386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.40866297483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.36905568838119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1514536738395691}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/5/001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105282323","display_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","issn_l":"0034-4885","issn":["0034-4885","1361-6633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":210,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137464264","https://openalex.org/W180580680","https://openalex.org/W257748258","https://openalex.org/W961360819","https://openalex.org/W1480967240","https://openalex.org/W1592351078","https://openalex.org/W1597359858","https://openalex.org/W1625682209","https://openalex.org/W1633669915","https://openalex.org/W1664975983","https://openalex.org/W1964283264","https://openalex.org/W1965699148","https://openalex.org/W1967021993","https://openalex.org/W1967712308","https://openalex.org/W1968847050","https://openalex.org/W1969469038","https://openalex.org/W1970786696","https://openalex.org/W1971796801","https://openalex.org/W1976159830","https://openalex.org/W1976846431","https://openalex.org/W1977349535","https://openalex.org/W1978349724","https://openalex.org/W1978567599","https://openalex.org/W1978747012","https://openalex.org/W1978855449","https://openalex.org/W1978980717","https://openalex.org/W1982941742","https://openalex.org/W1983022982","https://openalex.org/W1985135688","https://openalex.org/W1986753522","https://openalex.org/W1988947752","https://openalex.org/W1989285707","https://openalex.org/W1989320155","https://openalex.org/W1989553485","https://openalex.org/W1990056747","https://openalex.org/W1990478229","https://openalex.org/W1990843288","https://openalex.org/W1990978745","https://openalex.org/W1992111513","https://openalex.org/W1992212127","https://openalex.org/W1992605218","https://openalex.org/W1992690285","https://openalex.org/W1992743767","https://openalex.org/W1993950458","https://openalex.org/W1994038178","https://openalex.org/W1994075558","https://openalex.org/W1995105034","https://openalex.org/W1997004064","https://openalex.org/W1997121871","https://openalex.org/W1998006784","https://openalex.org/W1999396052","https://openalex.org/W2000131943","https://openalex.org/W2001192987","https://openalex.org/W2001759331","https://openalex.org/W2001953079","https://openalex.org/W2002872427","https://openalex.org/W2002994937","https://openalex.org/W2003304756","https://openalex.org/W2004005781","https://openalex.org/W2005805779","https://openalex.org/W2006300912","https://openalex.org/W2006785605","https://openalex.org/W2007208113","https://openalex.org/W2008115656","https://openalex.org/W2008150791","https://openalex.org/W2008930488","https://openalex.org/W2010649633","https://openalex.org/W2010810694","https://openalex.org/W2012393256","https://openalex.org/W2015048048","https://openalex.org/W2015319493","https://openalex.org/W2015449744","https://openalex.org/W2016316802","https://openalex.org/W2017582547","https://openalex.org/W2019134368","https://openalex.org/W2019507239","https://openalex.org/W2020454191","https://openalex.org/W2022073021","https://openalex.org/W2023803127","https://openalex.org/W2024366532","https://openalex.org/W2024957818","https://openalex.org/W2025844876","https://openalex.org/W2026173981","https://openalex.org/W2026986309","https://openalex.org/W2030045231","https://openalex.org/W2030164017","https://openalex.org/W2030506504","https://openalex.org/W2030613113","https://openalex.org/W2031058415","https://openalex.org/W2031611204","https://openalex.org/W2031789002","https://openalex.org/W2034730682","https://openalex.org/W2035516551","https://openalex.org/W2036651219","https://openalex.org/W2037149271","https://openalex.org/W2038054616","https://openalex.org/W2038207554","https://openalex.org/W2038758925","https://openalex.org/W2040160330","https://openalex.org/W2043210374","https://openalex.org/W2044111149","https://openalex.org/W2044156210","https://openalex.org/W2044676999","https://openalex.org/W2045391142","https://openalex.org/W2045679267","https://openalex.org/W2045855818","https://openalex.org/W2046093611","https://openalex.org/W2047126310","https://openalex.org/W2047593694","https://openalex.org/W2050282521","https://openalex.org/W2050563073","https://openalex.org/W2050962398","https://openalex.org/W2052432062","https://openalex.org/W2056073687","https://openalex.org/W2056432921","https://openalex.org/W2057419571","https://openalex.org/W2059489874","https://openalex.org/W2059904873","https://openalex.org/W2059980473","https://openalex.org/W2061399145","https://openalex.org/W2062378677","https://openalex.org/W2066077731","https://openalex.org/W2066483324","https://openalex.org/W2067187097","https://openalex.org/W2067496204","https://openalex.org/W2067520844","https://openalex.org/W2067696760","https://openalex.org/W2070625573","https://openalex.org/W2073250118","https://openalex.org/W2075017839","https://openalex.org/W2077713116","https://openalex.org/W2078708794","https://openalex.org/W2078947030","https://openalex.org/W2080234477","https://openalex.org/W2080319698","https://openalex.org/W2080458140","https://openalex.org/W2080558270","https://openalex.org/W2082717960","https://openalex.org/W2083022060","https://openalex.org/W2083404722","https://openalex.org/W2084905181","https://openalex.org/W2084998912","https://openalex.org/W2086059258","https://openalex.org/W2086860422","https://openalex.org/W2088052817","https://openalex.org/W2088388752","https://openalex.org/W2089207926","https://openalex.org/W2090006341","https://openalex.org/W2090863058","https://openalex.org/W2091106350","https://openalex.org/W2092059181","https://openalex.org/W2092118992","https://openalex.org/W2093023019","https://openalex.org/W2094495898","https://openalex.org/W2095020165","https://openalex.org/W2096849565","https://openalex.org/W2099743374","https://openalex.org/W2100766571","https://openalex.org/W2101312045","https://openalex.org/W2102901030","https://openalex.org/W2103624557","https://openalex.org/W2107868963","https://openalex.org/W2111227044","https://openalex.org/W2111845668","https://openalex.org/W2112045687","https://openalex.org/W2112119389","https://openalex.org/W2115726221","https://openalex.org/W2116289822","https://openalex.org/W2117965128","https://openalex.org/W2118415279","https://openalex.org/W2120319023","https://openalex.org/W2120902895","https://openalex.org/W2128254052","https://openalex.org/W2128467881","https://openalex.org/W2133053351","https://openalex.org/W2134066908","https://openalex.org/W2135622560","https://openalex.org/W2139351130","https://openalex.org/W2141455293","https://openalex.org/W2150446631","https://openalex.org/W2156175793","https://openalex.org/W2158783696","https://openalex.org/W2159461133","https://openalex.org/W2159664958","https://openalex.org/W2160852351","https://openalex.org/W2163608263","https://openalex.org/W2163629453","https://openalex.org/W2163778652","https://openalex.org/W2167500235","https://openalex.org/W2168795429","https://openalex.org/W2169563366","https://openalex.org/W2169873600","https://openalex.org/W2170025866","https://openalex.org/W2172040771","https://openalex.org/W2175271042","https://openalex.org/W2175753836","https://openalex.org/W2176027706","https://openalex.org/W2176873594","https://openalex.org/W2177605858","https://openalex.org/W2313855650","https://openalex.org/W2565064665","https://openalex.org/W2602116119","https://openalex.org/W2607176655","https://openalex.org/W3035195919","https://openalex.org/W3122067670","https://openalex.org/W3188897366","https://openalex.org/W4229698746","https://openalex.org/W4231178963","https://openalex.org/W4236679390","https://openalex.org/W4244785627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134412463","https://openalex.org/W2050282521","https://openalex.org/W2485550199","https://openalex.org/W3099854318","https://openalex.org/W7097699405","https://openalex.org/W2055183581","https://openalex.org/W244936627","https://openalex.org/W2275191017","https://openalex.org/W2469488278","https://openalex.org/W1994615153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21],"theory":[1],"of":[2,14,32],"turbulence":[3,42],"in":[4,53],"two":[5],"dimensions":[6],"is":[7],"reviewed":[8],"and":[9,11,16,34,51],"unified":[10],"a":[12,44],"number":[13],"hydrodynamic":[15],"plasma":[17],"applications":[18],"are":[19],"surveyed.":[20],"topics":[22],"treated":[23],"include":[24],"the":[25],"basic":[26],"dynamical":[27],"equations,":[28],"equilibrium":[29],"statistical":[30],"mechanics":[31],"continuous":[33],"discrete":[35],"vorticity":[36],"distributions,":[37],"turbulent":[38,47],"cascades,":[39],"predictability":[40],"theory,":[41],"on":[43],"rotating":[45],"sphere,":[46],"diffusion,":[48],"two-dimensional":[49],"magnetohydrodynamics,":[50],"superfluidity":[52],"thin":[54],"films.":[55]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":35}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
