{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978932592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","title":"HCI theory on trial","display_name":"HCI theory on trial","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978932592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","mag":"1978932592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/108844.108974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/108844.108974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Reaching through technology - CHI '91","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/108844.108974","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031538891","display_name":"Alistair\ufeff Sutcliffe\ufeff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-2232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-2232"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Sutcliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Computing, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Computing, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054610664","display_name":"John M. Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5189-337X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5189-337X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Centre, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Centre, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072493450","display_name":"Richard M. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-6496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-6496"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112533541","display_name":"John B. Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2939-9130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2939-9130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ergonomics Unit, University College, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ergonomics Unit, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09947644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"399","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hci-theory","display_name":"HCI theory","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"design process","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-architecture","display_name":"cognitive architecture","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-principles","display_name":"engineering design principles","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-artifacts","display_name":"design artifacts","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"user interface design","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-quality","display_name":"design quality","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.553886353969574}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/108844.108974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/108844.108974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Reaching through technology - CHI '91","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/108844.108974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108974","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/108844.108974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Reaching through technology - CHI '91","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978932592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978932592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489898000","https://openalex.org/W1599524879","https://openalex.org/W1989278766","https://openalex.org/W2043855813","https://openalex.org/W2090179842","https://openalex.org/W2163705682","https://openalex.org/W2168405687","https://openalex.org/W2205922636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400449249","https://openalex.org/W1978693696","https://openalex.org/W2007878105","https://openalex.org/W2075954582","https://openalex.org/W4292478644","https://openalex.org/W99632492","https://openalex.org/W2104123546","https://openalex.org/W75769335","https://openalex.org/W4237819168","https://openalex.org/W2221030687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"variety":[1],"of":[2,40,71,110,188,212,221,231,281,303],"theoretical":[3],"approaches":[4,63,243],"to":[5,17,31,45,129,135,148,207,257],"HCI":[6,41,53,94,136],"have":[7,16],"been":[8],"proposed":[9,171],"in":[10,24,35,48,100,126,198,224,251,293,300],"recent":[11],"years.HCI":[12],"theories":[13,54,253],"not":[14],"only":[15],"account":[18],"predictively":[19],"for":[20,235,274],"the":[21,37,60,68,101,122,149,153,179,186,199,208,225,229,249,258,288,301],"observed":[22],"phenomena":[23],"interaction":[25,317],"but":[26],"should":[27],"also":[28],"be":[29,46,65,146],"able":[30],"demonstrate":[32],"their":[33,242],"utility":[34],"improving":[36],"design":[38,61,72,150,191,210,246,286],"quality":[39],"products.The":[42],"key":[43],"question":[44],"addressed":[47],"this":[49],"panel":[50],"is":[51,67,98,103,128,279,299],"how":[52,141,241],"can,":[55],"and":[56,77,90,108,118,133,152,165,175,195,233,248,267,285,307,313],"possibly":[57],"do,":[58],"influence":[59],"process.Three":[62],"will":[64,139,239],"examined.First":[66],"emulation-based":[69],"theory":[70,95],"developed":[73],"by":[74,105,115,156,167,172],"John":[75,173],"Carroll":[76,278],"his":[78,119,176],"group":[79],"at":[80,121,178,287],"IBM,":[81],"Yorktown":[82,294],"heights.This":[83],"proposes":[84,185],"that":[85,161,310],"designed":[86],"artifacts":[87],"(i.e.successful":[88],"designs":[89],"systems)":[91],"effective":[92,236],"embody":[93],"as":[96,261,271],"it":[97],"practiced":[99],"field.Design":[102],"advanced":[104],"generation,":[106],"evaluation":[107],"evolution":[109],"artifacts.The":[111],"second":[112],"approach,":[113,170],"advocated":[114],"Richard":[116],"Young":[117],"colleagues":[120,177],"Applied":[123],"Psychology":[124],"Unit":[125],"Cambridge,":[127],"apply":[130],"cognitive":[131,142],"models":[132,144,159],"architectures":[134],"design.This":[137],"approach":[138],"explore":[140],"simulation":[143],"can":[145,244],"applied":[147],"process":[151],"properties":[154],"required":[155],"such":[157],"theoretical-based":[158],"so":[160],"they":[162],"are":[163,254],"tractable":[164],"usable":[166],"designers.The":[168],"third":[169],"Long":[174],"Ergonomics":[180],"Unit,":[181],"University":[182],"College,":[183],"London,":[184],"development":[187,230],"prescriptive":[189,265],"engineering":[190,219],"principles,":[192],"both":[193],"substantive":[194],"methodological,":[196],"which":[197,223,252],"long":[200],"term":[201,227],"would":[202,215],"support":[203,245],"practices":[204],"seeking":[205],"solutions":[206],"general":[209],"problem":[211,305],"HCI.The":[213],"principles":[214],"derive":[216],"from":[217],"an":[218],"conception":[220],"HCI,":[222],"short":[226],"supports":[228],"techniques":[232],"methods":[234],"design.The":[237],"proponents":[238],"discuss":[240],"practice":[247],"ways":[250],"made":[255],"available":[256],"designer,":[259],"either":[260],"artifact-products,":[262],"predictive":[263],"models,":[264],"guidelines":[266],"methods,":[268],"or":[269],"simply":[270],"designers'":[272],"\"tools":[273],"thought\".":[275],"THE":[276],"PANELISTSJohn":[277],"manger":[280],"User":[282],"Interface":[283],"Theory":[284],"IBM":[289],"Watson":[290],"Research":[291],"Centre":[292],"Height,":[295],"New":[296],"York.His":[297],"research":[298],"analysis":[302],"learning,":[304],"solving":[306],"language":[308],"capacities":[309],"underlie":[311],"endeavour":[312],"experience,":[314],"especially":[315],"human":[316],"with":[318],"computers.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}