{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978765822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.409","title":"Volunteering time decisions: a multi\u2010factor experimental study","display_name":"Volunteering time decisions: a multi\u2010factor experimental study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978765822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.409","mag":"1978765822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nvsm.409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60559904","display_name":"International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing","issn_l":"1465-4520","issn":["1465-4520","1479-103X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089159003","display_name":"Jay P. Carlson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9040-3927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9040-3927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155673605","display_name":"Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c561939","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889948113","display_name":"Union Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/05p9w4h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jay Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014868687","display_name":"John W. Huppertz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-1494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-1494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155673605","display_name":"Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c561939","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889948113","display_name":"Union Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/05p9w4h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Huppertz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712676","display_name":"R. Alan Bowman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-6323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-6323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155673605","display_name":"Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c561939","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889948113","display_name":"Union Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/05p9w4h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Alan Bowman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072720031","display_name":"James Lambrinos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155673605","display_name":"Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c561939","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889948113","display_name":"Union Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/05p9w4h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Lambrinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006734018","display_name":"Martin A. Strosberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155673605","display_name":"Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c561939","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889948113","display_name":"Union Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/05p9w4h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin A. Strosberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union Graduate College of Union University \u2013 School of Management, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605","https://openalex.org/I889948113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046879711","display_name":"Natalia A. Kutzer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77920804","display_name":"Albany Medical Center Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0307crw42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259726","https://openalex.org/I77920804"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia A. Kutzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77920804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089159003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605","https://openalex.org/I889948113"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90805856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"150","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12735","display_name":"Blood donation and transfusion practices","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunity-cost","display_name":"opportunity cost","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-order-effects","display_name":"question order effects","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-donation","display_name":"time donation","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundraising-events","display_name":"fundraising events","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-organizations","display_name":"nonprofit organizations","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donor-behavior","display_name":"donor behavior","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68359772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185715","display_name":"Opportunity cost","level":2,"score":0.9086185097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775933685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124860","display_name":"Donation","level":2,"score":0.7033270597457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.6415212750434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5684831738471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.456442654132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45532986521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4161551296710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.38072341680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3718329071998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33774620294570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32351890206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3068287968635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.22863012552261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.22583535313606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12960708141326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12126940488815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/nvsm.409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60559904","display_name":"International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing","issn_l":"1465-4520","issn":["1465-4520","1479-103X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679365809","https://openalex.org/W1720363294","https://openalex.org/W1965353199","https://openalex.org/W1974065322","https://openalex.org/W1975085767","https://openalex.org/W1977517310","https://openalex.org/W1984431512","https://openalex.org/W2003217648","https://openalex.org/W2010567796","https://openalex.org/W2047655663","https://openalex.org/W2047799713","https://openalex.org/W2050646562","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2101015594","https://openalex.org/W2101441610","https://openalex.org/W2106276407","https://openalex.org/W2111230857","https://openalex.org/W2113324208","https://openalex.org/W2117144983","https://openalex.org/W2121699986","https://openalex.org/W2122045547","https://openalex.org/W2125557985","https://openalex.org/W2129330153","https://openalex.org/W2135509151","https://openalex.org/W2148511345","https://openalex.org/W2153214915","https://openalex.org/W2160104153","https://openalex.org/W2165488515","https://openalex.org/W2174289167","https://openalex.org/W2322958994","https://openalex.org/W2333578621","https://openalex.org/W2412240256","https://openalex.org/W3121441690","https://openalex.org/W3190786614","https://openalex.org/W4229511188","https://openalex.org/W4235636992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4304823106","https://openalex.org/W2972861496","https://openalex.org/W4238178634","https://openalex.org/W2044575541","https://openalex.org/W3002101463","https://openalex.org/W2890378657","https://openalex.org/W4214859295","https://openalex.org/W1486185242","https://openalex.org/W1687785459","https://openalex.org/W2043802917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non\u2010profit":[0],"organizations":[1],"often":[2,94],"seek":[3],"volunteers":[4,183],"to":[5,87,96,109,127,164,167,175,199],"help":[6],"staff":[7],"a":[8,23],"fundraising":[9,24],"event.":[10],"In":[11],"the":[12,62,66,72,78,89,121,129,173,190],"present":[13],"research,":[14],"an":[15,55,133,147],"experimental":[16],"study":[17],"assessed":[18],"volunteering":[19,99],"time":[20,40,100,131,142,195],"decisions":[21],"for":[22],"event":[25],"following":[26],"manipulations":[27],"of":[28,61,71,77,116,120,178,192],"opportunity":[29,32,63,79,134,148,180],"cost":[30,33,64,80,135,149],"valence,":[31],"avoidability":[34,76],"and":[35,41,75,101,104,138,152,185,196],"question":[36],"order":[37,191],"involving":[38,194],"donating":[39,42,161],"money.":[43],"Opportunity":[44],"costs":[45,181],"represent":[46],"foregone":[47,73],"alternatives":[48],"sacrificed":[49],"(e.g.":[50,57],"working)":[51],"when":[52,132,146],"engaging":[53],"in":[54,114,188],"activity":[56],"volunteering),":[58],"with":[59,155],"valence":[60],"indicating":[65],"appeal":[67],"(positive":[68],"or":[69],"negative)":[70],"alternative":[74],"suggesting":[81],"how":[82],"easy":[83],"it":[84],"would":[85],"be":[86,112],"forgo":[88],"alternative.":[90],"Prospective":[91],"donors":[92],"are":[93],"asked":[95,159,166],"consider":[97],"both":[98],"contributing":[102],"money,":[103],"these":[105],"two":[106],"questions":[107,193],"posed":[108,198],"individuals":[110,125,156],"can":[111],"varied":[113],"terms":[115],"order.":[117],"The":[118,140,170],"results":[119,171],"experiment":[122],"revealed":[123],"that":[124],"intended":[126],"volunteer":[128],"most":[130],"was":[136,150],"negative":[137],"avoidable.":[139],"lowest":[141],"donation":[143],"intentions":[144],"occurred":[145],"positive":[151],"less":[153],"avoidable":[154],"also":[157],"being":[158,165],"about":[160],"money":[162,197],"prior":[163],"donate":[168],"time.":[169],"highlighted":[172],"importance":[174],"non\u2010profit":[176],"firms":[177],"considering":[179],"potential":[182],"face":[184],"suggested":[186],"care":[187],"structuring":[189],"those":[200],"individuals.":[201],"Copyright":[202],"\u00a9":[203],"2011":[204],"John":[205],"Wiley":[206],"&":[207],"Sons,":[208],"Ltd.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}