{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978761561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","title":"Observations on the brain vasculature in multiple sclerosis: A historical perspective","display_name":"Observations on the brain vasculature in multiple sclerosis: A historical perspective","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978761561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","mag":"1978761561","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25878003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764622253","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","issn_l":"2211-0348","issn":["2211-0348","2211-0356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088782862","display_name":"Alex D. Rae-Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-9703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-9703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex D. Rae-Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mellen Center, Cleveland Clinic, United States. Electronic address: rae-gra@ccf.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mellen Center, Cleveland Clinic, United States. Electronic address: rae-gra@ccf.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Clarissa Wong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clarissa Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010943260","display_name":"Rodica Bernatowicz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287411","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053229s83","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750","https://openalex.org/I4405287411"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodica Bernatowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750","https://openalex.org/I4405287411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029734617","display_name":"Robert James Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-3717","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-3717"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mellen Center, Cleveland Clinic, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mellen Center, Cleveland Clinic, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088782862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23499006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"156","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12854","display_name":"Neurology and Historical Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11929","display_name":"Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-vasculature","display_name":"cerebral vasculature","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venous-disease","display_name":"venous disease","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ms-pathogenesis","display_name":"MS pathogenesis","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticoagulation","display_name":"anticoagulation","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy","display_name":"hyperbaric oxygen therapy","score":0.9919999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8126648664474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.7796862125396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.6760044097900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.6337416768074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.6215996742248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5087335705757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.08512258529663086}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764622253","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","issn_l":"2211-0348","issn":["2211-0348","2211-0356"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25878003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25878003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multiple sclerosis and related disorders","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143442181","https://openalex.org/W148110002","https://openalex.org/W609413052","https://openalex.org/W1964939555","https://openalex.org/W1979737983","https://openalex.org/W1995201229","https://openalex.org/W2012297059","https://openalex.org/W2012700386","https://openalex.org/W2014362467","https://openalex.org/W2019935611","https://openalex.org/W2020593284","https://openalex.org/W2028679701","https://openalex.org/W2030742459","https://openalex.org/W2032009229","https://openalex.org/W2033047351","https://openalex.org/W2043501928","https://openalex.org/W2046329092","https://openalex.org/W2052583046","https://openalex.org/W2058543715","https://openalex.org/W2060013496","https://openalex.org/W2062016732","https://openalex.org/W2062115251","https://openalex.org/W2063493976","https://openalex.org/W2067746484","https://openalex.org/W2069306624","https://openalex.org/W2071955404","https://openalex.org/W2074681957","https://openalex.org/W2077409878","https://openalex.org/W2077965949","https://openalex.org/W2087509954","https://openalex.org/W2090345986","https://openalex.org/W2090836248","https://openalex.org/W2094728125","https://openalex.org/W2100406223","https://openalex.org/W2123921524","https://openalex.org/W2129175650","https://openalex.org/W2139958697","https://openalex.org/W2148991512","https://openalex.org/W2149196419","https://openalex.org/W2150505425","https://openalex.org/W2152383972","https://openalex.org/W2180705783","https://openalex.org/W2324654103","https://openalex.org/W2335073538","https://openalex.org/W2398001571","https://openalex.org/W2409401316","https://openalex.org/W2414036738","https://openalex.org/W2492480966","https://openalex.org/W2944364947","https://openalex.org/W2984456430","https://openalex.org/W3166935891","https://openalex.org/W4206271547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130484033","https://openalex.org/W2409133452","https://openalex.org/W7099931749","https://openalex.org/W2139958697","https://openalex.org/W3158572545","https://openalex.org/W4385715772","https://openalex.org/W7099412447","https://openalex.org/W2043501928","https://openalex.org/W2020542161","https://openalex.org/W2143044839"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}