{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978745160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201100062","title":"Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer and for Infections: What Is the Difference?","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer and for Infections: What Is the Difference?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978745160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201100062","mag":"1978745160","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23248387","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3522418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ijch.201100062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201100062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201100062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195061198","display_name":"Israel Journal of Chemistry","issn_l":"0021-2148","issn":["0021-2148","1869-5868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Israel Journal of Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3522418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111925787","display_name":"Sulbha K. Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulbha K. Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084273922","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Mr\u00f3z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-4743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-4743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawel Mroz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070313195","display_name":"Tianhong Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-8896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-8896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058252911","display_name":"Ying\u2010Ying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-6981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-6981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160354086","display_name":"Guangxi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dveyr97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying\u2010Ying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aesthetic and Plastic Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning (P. R. China)","Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aesthetic and Plastic Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning (P. R. China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160354086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027309530","display_name":"Tyler G. St. Denis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-2415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-2415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler G. St. Denis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York City, NY (USA)","Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York City, NY (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001374433","display_name":"Michael Richard Hamblin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-4605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-4605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092658","display_name":"Harvard\u2013MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeh629","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Hamblin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (USA)","Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092658","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001374433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210092658","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.93,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85516808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"8-9","first_page":"691","last_page":"705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10903","display_name":"Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodynamic-therapy","display_name":"photodynamic therapy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-photodynamic-therapy","display_name":"antimicrobial photodynamic therapy","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosensitizers","display_name":"photosensitizers","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosensitizer-pharmacokinetics","display_name":"photosensitizer pharmacokinetics","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunostimulation","display_name":"immunostimulation","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/localized-infection","display_name":"localized infection","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-angiogenesis","display_name":"tumor angiogenesis","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781323092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428072","display_name":"Photodynamic therapy","level":2,"score":0.9796000719070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781469039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18388377","display_name":"Photosensitizer","level":2,"score":0.8551416397094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.7345009446144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.6400485038757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5114918947219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983331546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer therapy","level":3,"score":0.4681682288646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.46655672788619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4627962112426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4144909977912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3346089720726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2902339696884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.2580459713935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22420188784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19026196002960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06676366925239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ijch.201100062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201100062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201100062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195061198","display_name":"Israel Journal of Chemistry","issn_l":"0021-2148","issn":["0021-2148","1869-5868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Israel Journal of Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23248387","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23248387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Israel journal of chemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2752166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3522418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3522418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3522418/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Isr J Chem","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2752166","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3522418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5379593156","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy of Localized Infections","funder_award_id":"R01AI050875","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000877692","display_name":"Dermatology Training Grant","funder_award_id":"T32AR007098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60206895","https://openalex.org/W116087268","https://openalex.org/W1480898870","https://openalex.org/W1507346239","https://openalex.org/W1523040418","https://openalex.org/W1595216914","https://openalex.org/W1603146786","https://openalex.org/W1963735411","https://openalex.org/W1964154749","https://openalex.org/W1965831040","https://openalex.org/W1968577485","https://openalex.org/W1969155152","https://openalex.org/W1970029396","https://openalex.org/W1971292240","https://openalex.org/W1973963845","https://openalex.org/W1974345859","https://openalex.org/W1975140578","https://openalex.org/W1975367953","https://openalex.org/W1976161806","https://openalex.org/W1982333316","https://openalex.org/W1983978040","https://openalex.org/W1986057738","https://openalex.org/W1986375275","https://openalex.org/W1989030580","https://openalex.org/W1989806930","https://openalex.org/W1990014340","https://openalex.org/W1992180725","https://openalex.org/W1993695360","https://openalex.org/W1994191498","https://openalex.org/W1996619886","https://openalex.org/W2001065152","https://openalex.org/W2001263805","https://openalex.org/W2002306693","https://openalex.org/W2003366636","https://openalex.org/W2004450741","https://openalex.org/W2005956598","https://openalex.org/W2006156314","https://openalex.org/W2008461597","https://openalex.org/W2012699085","https://openalex.org/W2020344052","https://openalex.org/W2023177528","https://openalex.org/W2023460725","https://openalex.org/W2024077985","https://openalex.org/W2025155642","https://openalex.org/W2027501944","https://openalex.org/W2028889402","https://openalex.org/W2029738096","https://openalex.org/W2030059142","https://openalex.org/W2031720174","https://openalex.org/W2034008755","https://openalex.org/W2034483565","https://openalex.org/W2036666320","https://openalex.org/W2037591016","https://openalex.org/W2039260679","https://openalex.org/W2039748958","https://openalex.org/W2042155999","https://openalex.org/W2042803030","https://openalex.org/W2044289296","https://openalex.org/W2045227455","https://openalex.org/W2045631041","https://openalex.org/W2045843284","https://openalex.org/W2049879589","https://openalex.org/W2050178451","https://openalex.org/W2054138948","https://openalex.org/W2054469967","https://openalex.org/W2054999083","https://openalex.org/W2057272957","https://openalex.org/W2059748188","https://openalex.org/W2060268703","https://openalex.org/W2060420887","https://openalex.org/W2061242359","https://openalex.org/W2062206663","https://openalex.org/W2063710933","https://openalex.org/W2064223529","https://openalex.org/W2064351565","https://openalex.org/W2064388329","https://openalex.org/W2067219754","https://openalex.org/W2068920186","https://openalex.org/W2071923848","https://openalex.org/W2076079545","https://openalex.org/W2076771094","https://openalex.org/W2083347269","https://openalex.org/W2083549837","https://openalex.org/W2083966000","https://openalex.org/W2084906892","https://openalex.org/W2089402801","https://openalex.org/W2090183585","https://openalex.org/W2090201308","https://openalex.org/W2090701936","https://openalex.org/W2093456475","https://openalex.org/W2093672468","https://openalex.org/W2095748322","https://openalex.org/W2096680191","https://openalex.org/W2098005365","https://openalex.org/W2098464182","https://openalex.org/W2103028069","https://openalex.org/W2104750028","https://openalex.org/W2107124262","https://openalex.org/W2107857160","https://openalex.org/W2108157005","https://openalex.org/W2112148102","https://openalex.org/W2113483535","https://openalex.org/W2114216755","https://openalex.org/W2114360920","https://openalex.org/W2115427608","https://openalex.org/W2116435169","https://openalex.org/W2119680519","https://openalex.org/W2122386753","https://openalex.org/W2134877726","https://openalex.org/W2135029910","https://openalex.org/W2135276123","https://openalex.org/W2138273429","https://openalex.org/W2138419609","https://openalex.org/W2139239203","https://openalex.org/W2140665078","https://openalex.org/W2141249713","https://openalex.org/W2144630525","https://openalex.org/W2145502867","https://openalex.org/W2148866763","https://openalex.org/W2149301630","https://openalex.org/W2151734986","https://openalex.org/W2158570595","https://openalex.org/W2159568415","https://openalex.org/W2163086654","https://openalex.org/W2163238015","https://openalex.org/W2163987690","https://openalex.org/W2164733112","https://openalex.org/W2168877360","https://openalex.org/W2172015534","https://openalex.org/W2175848502","https://openalex.org/W2187465619","https://openalex.org/W2226741830","https://openalex.org/W2414744424","https://openalex.org/W2435194196","https://openalex.org/W2436441449","https://openalex.org/W2466560019","https://openalex.org/W2766903995","https://openalex.org/W3097888170","https://openalex.org/W3104396838","https://openalex.org/W3133924569","https://openalex.org/W4211024586","https://openalex.org/W4232501876","https://openalex.org/W7135372044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516361448","https://openalex.org/W4400520185","https://openalex.org/W4211055939","https://openalex.org/W1975320008","https://openalex.org/W2112148102","https://openalex.org/W4249728386","https://openalex.org/W1651134326","https://openalex.org/W2058288464","https://openalex.org/W2060420887","https://openalex.org/W2027839314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photodynamic":[0],"therapy":[1,41],"(PDT)":[2],"was":[3,12],"discovered":[4],"over":[5],"one":[6],"hundred":[7],"years":[8],"ago":[9],"when":[10,20],"it":[11,53],"observed":[13],"that":[14,57],"certain":[15],"dyes":[16],"could":[17],"kill":[18],"microorganisms":[19],"exposed":[21],"to":[22,46,146],"light":[23],"in":[24],"the":[25,78,83,88,107,142],"presence":[26],"of":[27,85,90,110,128,144],"oxygen.":[28],"Since":[29],"those":[30],"early":[31],"days,":[32],"PDT":[33,58,86,135,145],"has":[34,54],"mainly":[35],"been":[36],"developed":[37],"as":[38,43,63],"a":[39,44,69],"cancer":[40,95],"and":[42,68,80,93,99,106,113,125,139,156],"way":[45],"destroy":[47],"proliferating":[48],"blood":[49],"vessels.":[50],"However,":[51],"recently":[52],"become":[55],"apparent":[56],"may":[59],"also":[60,159],"be":[61],"used":[62],"an":[64,148],"effective":[65],"antimicrobial":[66,114],"modality":[67],"potential":[70],"treatment":[71,89],"for":[72,87,94,131],"localized":[73],"infections.":[74],"This":[75],"review":[76],"discusses":[77],"similarities":[79],"differences":[81],"between":[82],"application":[84],"microbial":[91],"infections":[92],"lesions.":[96],"Type":[97],"I":[98],"type":[100],"II":[101],"photodynamic":[102],"processes":[103],"are":[104,116,137],"described,":[105],"structure-function":[108],"relationships":[109],"optimal":[111],"anticancer":[112],"photosensitizers":[115,129],"outlined.":[117],"The":[118],"different":[119,134],"targeting":[120],"strategies,":[121],"intracellular":[122],"photosensitizer":[123],"localization,":[124],"pharmacokinetic":[126],"properties":[127],"required":[130],"these":[132],"two":[133],"applications":[136],"compared":[138],"contrasted.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"ability":[143],"stimulate":[147],"adaptive":[149],"or":[150],"innate":[151],"immune":[152],"response":[153],"against":[154],"pathogens":[155],"tumors":[157],"is":[158],"covered.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}