{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978744766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","title":"Identification of learning styles online by observing learners\u2019 browsing behaviour through a neural network","display_name":"Identification of learning styles online by observing learners\u2019 browsing behaviour through a neural network","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978744766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","mag":"1978744766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110346167","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","issn_l":"0007-1013","issn":["0007-1013","1467-8535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023994526","display_name":"Jia\u2010Jiunn Lo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59460038","display_name":"Chung Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yzz0f51","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59460038"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia\u2010Jiunn Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chung-Hua University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chung-Hua University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59460038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111405766","display_name":"Pai\u2010Chuan Shu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59460038","display_name":"Chung Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yzz0f51","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59460038"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pai\u2010Chuan Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chung-Hua University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chung-Hua University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59460038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023994526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59460038"],"apc_list":{"value":4250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4250},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85461837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.22709999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-style-identification","display_name":"learning style identification","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/browsing-behavior","display_name":"browsing behavior","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-hypermedia","display_name":"adaptive hypermedia","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-networks","display_name":"feedforward neural networks","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-based-educational-systems","display_name":"web-based educational systems","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-modeling","display_name":"student modeling","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.7589280605316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6697677969932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6547826528549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780020885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352444","display_name":"Adaptive hypermedia","level":3,"score":0.5348448157310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4808371961116791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47976669669151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4560040235519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150681269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2380771","display_name":"Cognitive style","level":3,"score":0.453009694814682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.4274744391441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.4266743063926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4184395372867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780126544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837900","display_name":"Hypermedia","level":2,"score":0.36538106203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33989417552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32584625482559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25914889574050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.17940443754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1220371425151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00437.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110346167","display_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","issn_l":"0007-1013","issn":["0007-1013","1467-8535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Educational Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W333083801","https://openalex.org/W1874463681","https://openalex.org/W1890797947","https://openalex.org/W2011691921","https://openalex.org/W2124276821","https://openalex.org/W2137771731","https://openalex.org/W2170592633","https://openalex.org/W2913293464","https://openalex.org/W3022958099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063380180","https://openalex.org/W2189311193","https://openalex.org/W2528732841","https://openalex.org/W1543095210","https://openalex.org/W2168787656","https://openalex.org/W2110903071","https://openalex.org/W2364878006","https://openalex.org/W1972891043","https://openalex.org/W7095545726","https://openalex.org/W1986984999"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Identification":[1],"of":[2,36,86,93,133,137,142,147],"individual":[3],"learning":[4,24,44,113,134,148,156],"style":[5,45],"is":[6,39,66,117,152],"important":[7],"when":[8],"developing":[9],"adaptive":[10,160],"educational":[11,161],"hypermedia":[12],"systems.":[13,163],"Current":[14],"systems":[15],"ask":[16],"learners":[17],"to":[18,21,40,56,154],"complete":[19],"questionnaires":[20],"identify":[22,41],"their":[23],"styles,":[25],"which":[26],"might":[27],"not":[28,125],"be":[29,126],"appropriate":[30],"in":[31,78,111,130],"some":[32],"contexts.":[33],"The":[34,102],"goal":[35],"this":[37,79],"research":[38],"the":[42,54,84,91,97,106,118,131,138],"learner's":[43],"by":[46],"simply":[47],"observing":[48],"his/her":[49],"browsing":[50],"behaviour":[51],"without":[52],"asking":[53],"learner":[55],"answer":[57],"any":[58,63],"questions":[59],"or":[60],"filling":[61],"out":[62],"form.":[64],"It":[65],"implemented":[67],"through":[68],"a":[69,127],"multi\u2010layer":[70],"feed":[71],"forward":[72],"neural":[73,143],"network":[74],"(MLFF).":[75],"Browsing":[76],"behaviour,":[77],"research,":[80],"includes":[81],"three":[82],"factors,":[83],"use":[85],"embedded":[87],"support":[88],"devices":[89],"(ESDs),":[90],"selection":[92],"link":[94],"types,":[95],"and":[96,121,145],"navigation":[98],"between":[99],"visited/unvisited":[100],"nodes.":[101],"experiment":[103],"results":[104],"showed":[105],"proposed":[107],"model":[108],"performed":[109],"well":[110],"identifying":[112],"styles.":[114,135],"Link":[115],"type":[116],"dominant":[119],"factor":[120,129],"Time":[122],"shift":[123],"may":[124],"major":[128],"identification":[132,146],"Because":[136],"fast":[139],"execution":[140],"property":[141],"networks":[144],"styles":[149,157],"online,":[150],"it":[151],"possible":[153],"incorporate":[155],"into":[158],"online":[159],"web\u2010based":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}