{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978730438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278","title":"Are Transposition Effects Specific to Letters?","display_name":"Are Transposition Effects Specific to Letters?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978730438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278","mag":"1978730438","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20119880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17470210903474278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59062809","display_name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","issn_l":"0033-555X","issn":["0033-555X","1747-0218","1747-0226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058752657","display_name":"Javier Garc\u00eda-Orza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-0706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-0706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier Garc\u00eda-Orza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011871170","display_name":"Manuel Perea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-1365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-1365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Perea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","[Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067082697","display_name":"Samara Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samara Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058752657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9695427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"8","first_page":"1603","last_page":"1618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlap-model","display_name":"overlap model","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudowords","display_name":"pseudowords","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masked-priming","display_name":"masked priming","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/same-different-task","display_name":"same-different task","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digits","display_name":"digits","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbols","display_name":"symbols","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-similarity","display_name":"perceptual similarity","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12455157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7835331","display_name":"Transposition (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6999200582504272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5485525727272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5378512740135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126398093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202238","display_name":"Lexical decision task","level":3,"score":0.5293779373168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81444415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243535","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","level":3,"score":0.5210918188095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5205560326576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158885319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187659","display_name":"Kana","level":4,"score":0.4715804159641266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4497305750846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4279436469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4104897081851959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41002941131591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4056970477104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3732416033744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35640424489974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3364664614200592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3237552046775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83535845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772","display_name":"Kanji","level":3,"score":0.12081897258758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.11769822239875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.11417844891548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004192","descriptor_name":"Discrimination, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004192","descriptor_name":"Discrimination, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004192","descriptor_name":"Discrimination, Psychological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17470210903474278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59062809","display_name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","issn_l":"0033-555X","issn":["0033-555X","1747-0218","1747-0226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20119880","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20119880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.44999998807907104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560523484","https://openalex.org/W1531566603","https://openalex.org/W1877338594","https://openalex.org/W1964456815","https://openalex.org/W1970380450","https://openalex.org/W1973136201","https://openalex.org/W1973816319","https://openalex.org/W1974666581","https://openalex.org/W1991242288","https://openalex.org/W1992832042","https://openalex.org/W1993116699","https://openalex.org/W1997491811","https://openalex.org/W2004342086","https://openalex.org/W2015410977","https://openalex.org/W2019508534","https://openalex.org/W2022963108","https://openalex.org/W2034821082","https://openalex.org/W2045619172","https://openalex.org/W2045644368","https://openalex.org/W2045953042","https://openalex.org/W2054489372","https://openalex.org/W2056288060","https://openalex.org/W2057435252","https://openalex.org/W2058157450","https://openalex.org/W2059385048","https://openalex.org/W2073257493","https://openalex.org/W2078252209","https://openalex.org/W2082983083","https://openalex.org/W2086181024","https://openalex.org/W2090924318","https://openalex.org/W2091428775","https://openalex.org/W2091765825","https://openalex.org/W2092315370","https://openalex.org/W2095722689","https://openalex.org/W2110549386","https://openalex.org/W2111285281","https://openalex.org/W2116945806","https://openalex.org/W2119756949","https://openalex.org/W2122165223","https://openalex.org/W2127063205","https://openalex.org/W2133357056","https://openalex.org/W2146747067","https://openalex.org/W2167044231","https://openalex.org/W2170485469","https://openalex.org/W2802556479","https://openalex.org/W4229616858","https://openalex.org/W4236328120","https://openalex.org/W4246983832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090924318","https://openalex.org/W2171408335","https://openalex.org/W7062836327","https://openalex.org/W2988595182","https://openalex.org/W4291019669","https://openalex.org/W7122672418","https://openalex.org/W2094731156","https://openalex.org/W7038964201","https://openalex.org/W1596823608","https://openalex.org/W7172236350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"consistently":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,80,113],"pseudowords":[6],"created":[7],"by":[8],"transposing":[9],"two":[10],"letters":[11],"are":[12],"perceptually":[13],"similar":[14],"to":[15,38,63],"their":[16],"corresponding":[17],"base":[18],"words":[19],"(e.g.,":[20,48],"jugde-judge).":[21],"In":[22,52],"the":[23,26,43,46,53,92,111],"framework":[24],"of":[25,45,86,99,115],"overlap":[27],"model":[28],"(Gomez,":[29],"Ratcliff,":[30],"&":[31],"Perea,":[32],"2008),":[33],"this":[34,59],"effect":[35,60],"is":[36,61,108],"due":[37],"a":[39,84,130],"noisy":[40],"process":[41],"in":[42],"localization":[44],"\"objects\"":[47,73],"letters,":[49,119],"kana":[50],"syllables).":[51],"present":[54],"study,":[55],"we":[56,82],"examine":[57],"whether":[58,67],"specific":[62],"letter":[64],"strings":[65],"or":[66],"it":[68],"also":[69],"occurs":[70],"with":[71,110],"other":[72],"(namely,":[74],"digits,":[75],"symbols,":[76],"and":[77,121],"pseudoletters).":[78],"To":[79],"end,":[81],"conducted":[83],"series":[85],"five":[87],"masked":[88],"priming":[89],"experiments":[90],"using":[91],"same-different":[93],"task.":[94],"Results":[95],"showed":[96],"robust":[97],"effects":[98],"transposition":[100],"for":[101,105],"all":[102],"objects,":[103],"except":[104],"pseudoletters.":[106],"This":[107],"consistent":[109],"view":[112],"locations":[114],"familiar":[116],"objects":[117],"(i.e.,":[118],"numbers,":[120],"symbols)":[122],"can":[123],"be":[124],"best":[125],"understood":[126],"as":[127,134],"distributions":[128],"along":[129],"dimension":[131],"rather":[132],"than":[133],"precise":[135],"points.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
