{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978729912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910900","title":"Metamorphosis of a Critical Interval: Age-Linked Changes in the Delay in Auditory Feedback that Produces Maximal Disruption of Speech","display_name":"Metamorphosis of a Critical Interval: Age-Linked Changes in the Delay in Auditory Feedback that Produces Maximal Disruption of Speech","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978729912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910900","mag":"1978729912","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5645830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.1910900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018322649","display_name":"Donald G. MacKay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-9144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald G. MacKay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 90024"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 90024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018322649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93957321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"811","last_page":"821"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-auditory-feedback","display_name":"delayed auditory feedback","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuttering","display_name":"stuttering","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-rate","display_name":"speech rate","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-changes","display_name":"developmental changes","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781371259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186676","display_name":"Stuttering","level":2,"score":0.852145254611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.6602187752723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6433183550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779864741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4820027","display_name":"Auditory feedback","level":2,"score":0.5925130248069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.5674933195114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5113305449485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46099427342414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3687386214733124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35198578238487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25972825288772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.22788557410240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1916588842868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15053057670593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12313392758369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06216004490852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013995","descriptor_name":"Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.1910900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1910900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:5645830","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5645830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999554998","https://openalex.org/W2020114519","https://openalex.org/W2023898571","https://openalex.org/W2313349467","https://openalex.org/W1964601118","https://openalex.org/W1997735163","https://openalex.org/W1989278518","https://openalex.org/W2114397286","https://openalex.org/W2109234494","https://openalex.org/W2006238065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,144],"developmental":[1],"study":[2],"of":[3,15,62,79,82,95,103,113,121,136,146,152,176,209,216,235,241,253],"delayed":[4],"auditory":[5,88],"feedback":[6],"(DAF)":[7],"indicated":[8],"that:":[9,191],"(1)":[10],"DAF":[11,75,153,219],"disrupts":[12],"the":[13,38,40,73,80,86,93,101,119,122,132,138,140,165,180,195,207,214,221,238,250],"speech":[14,63,67,83,96,114,148,163,177,197,210,254],"children":[16],"more":[17,166],"than":[18,185],"adults,":[19],"for":[20,28],"all":[21],"delays":[22],"in":[23,85],"feedback;":[24],"(2)":[25,212],"The":[26,34,49,130,158],"delay":[27,41,52,123,224],"maximal":[29,43,125],"interference":[30,44,51,126,142,223],"varies":[31,255],"with":[32,45,118,127,257],"age.":[33,258],"older":[35],"a":[36,109,160],"subject,":[37],"shorter":[39],"producing":[42,124],"his":[46,128],"speech;":[47],"(3)":[48,244],"peak":[50,141,222],"remains":[53],"at":[54],"0.2":[55],"sec,":[56],"when":[57],"adults":[58],"reduce":[59],"their":[60],"rate":[61,94,112,135,149,198,240,252],"by":[64],"drawing":[65],"out":[66],"sounds.":[68],"This":[69],"finding":[70],"suggested":[71,190],"that":[72],"critical":[74],"interval":[76],"is":[77,247],"independent":[78],"duration":[81,120],"sounds":[84,178],"returning":[87],"signal;":[89],"(4)":[90],"Slowing":[91],"down":[92],"as":[97,229],"described":[98],"above,":[99],"reduced":[100],"amount":[102,215],"stuttering":[104,154,217],"under":[105,171,218],"DAF;":[106],"(5)":[107],"However,":[108],"subject's":[110,133,161],"maximum":[111,134,147,162,196,239,251],"was":[115,155,189],"significantly":[116],"correlated":[117],"speech.":[129],"slower":[131,159],"speech,":[137,242],"longer":[139],"delay.":[143],"correlation":[145],"and":[150,220],"frequency":[151],"also":[156],"significant.":[157],"rate,":[164],"he":[167],"tended":[168],"to":[169,200,227],"stutter":[170],"DAF.":[172],"Since":[173],"voluntary":[174],"prolongation":[175,208],"had":[179],"opposite":[181],"effect,":[182],"decreasing":[183],"rather":[184],"increasing":[186],"stuttering,":[187],"it":[188],"(l)":[192],"Mechanisms":[193],"determining":[194,237],"are":[199,225],"some":[201,228],"extent":[202],"different":[203],"from":[204],"those":[205],"governing":[206],"sounds;":[211],"both":[213],"related":[226],"yet":[230],"unknown":[231],"factor":[232,246],"or":[233],"set":[234],"factors":[236],"and,":[243],"this":[245],"age-linked":[248],"since":[249],"inversely":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
