{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978684529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430050204","title":"Protein variation, fitness, and captive propagation","display_name":"Protein variation, fitness, and captive propagation","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978684529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430050204","mag":"1978684529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/zoo.1430050204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430050204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430050204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32366842","display_name":"Zoo Biology","issn_l":"0733-3188","issn":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zoo Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029310907","display_name":"Philip W. Hedrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-4923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-4923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip W. Hedrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biological Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083602791","display_name":"Peter F. Brussard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter F. Brussard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057722544","display_name":"Fred W. Allendorf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-6425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-6425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred W. Allendorf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Montana, Missoula"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Montana, Missoula","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113858663","display_name":"J. A. Beardmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Beardmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, University College of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, University College of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082225222","display_name":"Steven Hecht Orzack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-3368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-3368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Orzack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083602791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"apc_list":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8767271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"91","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allozymes","display_name":"allozymes","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-variation","display_name":"protein variation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captive-breeding","display_name":"captive breeding","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threatened-species","display_name":"threatened species","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variation","display_name":"genetic variation","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterozygosity","display_name":"heterozygosity","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness","display_name":"fitness","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reintroduction","display_name":"reintroduction","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-genetics","display_name":"population genetics","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-genetics","display_name":"conservation genetics","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.949661374092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.7554090619087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143589142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2617554","display_name":"Loss of heterozygosity","level":4,"score":0.7151311039924622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777636277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350718","display_name":"Captive breeding","level":4,"score":0.6390708684921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.6367502212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5743908286094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172777353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374271","display_name":"Genetic variability","level":4,"score":0.5157163739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4914957284927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.45502668619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3273085355758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.23296529054641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.21044591069221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.06631043553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/zoo.1430050204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430050204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430050204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32366842","display_name":"Zoo Biology","issn_l":"0733-3188","issn":["0733-3188","1098-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zoo Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175060409","https://openalex.org/W213650262","https://openalex.org/W1495050269","https://openalex.org/W1531710861","https://openalex.org/W1547248981","https://openalex.org/W1551315794","https://openalex.org/W1594427388","https://openalex.org/W1820644981","https://openalex.org/W1925906001","https://openalex.org/W1936358640","https://openalex.org/W1940132199","https://openalex.org/W1965584649","https://openalex.org/W1971162496","https://openalex.org/W2004030959","https://openalex.org/W2016902850","https://openalex.org/W2019892260","https://openalex.org/W2035164312","https://openalex.org/W2046544690","https://openalex.org/W2046598224","https://openalex.org/W2059076299","https://openalex.org/W2092512759","https://openalex.org/W2095982910","https://openalex.org/W2117407765","https://openalex.org/W2136046426","https://openalex.org/W2145256421","https://openalex.org/W2159707462","https://openalex.org/W2163650164","https://openalex.org/W2315421614","https://openalex.org/W2326591175","https://openalex.org/W2328328531","https://openalex.org/W2412032195","https://openalex.org/W2584441611","https://openalex.org/W3211577920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045066842","https://openalex.org/W2024340634","https://openalex.org/W2798159394","https://openalex.org/W136494753","https://openalex.org/W1533599939","https://openalex.org/W2336755907","https://openalex.org/W2146065818","https://openalex.org/W184131282","https://openalex.org/W6892015569","https://openalex.org/W2605402590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,23,100],"examine":[2],"the":[3,14,30,43,91],"possibility":[4],"of":[5,18,29,33,42,56,93],"utilizing":[6],"protein":[7],"variation":[8,35,110],"(allozymes)":[9],"as":[10,113],"a":[11],"tool":[12],"in":[13,46,71,83,115],"preservation":[15],"and":[16,20,37,50,96],"breeding":[17,70,76],"endangered":[19,97],"captive":[21,72,84],"species.":[22,99],"believe":[24,101],"that":[25,54,102],"allozymes":[26,82],"provide":[27],"estimates":[28,55],"relative":[31],"amounts":[32],"genetic":[34,109],"within":[36],"among":[38],"populations.":[39,117],"However,":[40],"because":[41],"difficulties":[44],"encountered":[45],"evaluating":[47],"both":[48],"heterozygosity":[49,58],"fitness,":[51],"we":[52],"conclude":[53],"individual":[57],"derived":[59],"from":[60],"allozyme":[61],"studies":[62],"are":[63],"poor":[64],"criteria":[65],"for":[66,69,90],"selecting":[67],"individuals":[68],"propagation":[73,92],"schemes.":[74],"Furthermore,":[75],"plans":[77],"designed":[78],"to":[79],"maintain":[80],"rare":[81,95],"populations":[85],"represent":[86],"an":[87],"unwise":[88],"strategy":[89],"most":[94,106],"animal":[98],"successful":[103],"reintroduction":[104],"is":[105,111],"likely":[107],"when":[108],"preserved":[112],"found":[114],"natural":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
