{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978621069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02987","title":"The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system","display_name":"The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978621069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02987","mag":"1978621069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/93jd02987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-A39A-C","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039584931","display_name":"Didier A. Hauglustaine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-5118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-5118","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-1018"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Hauglustaine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080981801","display_name":"Claire Granier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-6044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-6044","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-7995","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-6078"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Granier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066939099","display_name":"Guy Pierre Brasseur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-9497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-9497"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. P. Brasseur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046523959","display_name":"Gerard J. Megie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. M\u00e9gie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.3322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":226,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99682378,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"D1","first_page":"1173","last_page":"1186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-forcing","display_name":"radiative forcing","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-chemistry","display_name":"atmospheric chemistry","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-emissions","display_name":"anthropogenic emissions","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropospheric-ozone","display_name":"tropospheric ozone","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratospheric-ozone-depletion","display_name":"stratospheric ozone depletion","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar-stratospheric-clouds","display_name":"polar stratospheric clouds","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-radicals","display_name":"chlorine radicals","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radicals","display_name":"hydroxyl radicals","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-effect","display_name":"greenhouse effect","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-feedback","display_name":"chemical feedback","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorofluorocarbons","display_name":"chlorofluorocarbons","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratospheric-cooling","display_name":"stratospheric cooling","score":0.718999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.8503055572509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99578197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1463606","display_name":"Radiative forcing","level":3,"score":0.8227793574333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.8118299245834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6359683275222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.6285693049430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5789380669593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115719804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79995","display_name":"Ozone layer","level":3,"score":0.5764646530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.569923460483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5176318287849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4923287630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061","display_name":"Northern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.48839205503463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141810719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183140","display_name":"Ozone depletion","level":3,"score":0.48273107409477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4636693000793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777252438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41228","display_name":"Southern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.4276354908943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.4262208342552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3173905313014984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1653493344783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11539420485496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08496353030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/93jd02987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/93jd02987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3191214","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-A39A-C","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3191214","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-A39A-C","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21095916","https://openalex.org/W143690610","https://openalex.org/W237205242","https://openalex.org/W305798716","https://openalex.org/W438061036","https://openalex.org/W1490669306","https://openalex.org/W1542802449","https://openalex.org/W1759145845","https://openalex.org/W1879843334","https://openalex.org/W1951135539","https://openalex.org/W1964625810","https://openalex.org/W1972647967","https://openalex.org/W1976421004","https://openalex.org/W1976769869","https://openalex.org/W1977107438","https://openalex.org/W1977922220","https://openalex.org/W1984504563","https://openalex.org/W1985847249","https://openalex.org/W1985908435","https://openalex.org/W1988069320","https://openalex.org/W1989384857","https://openalex.org/W1994274042","https://openalex.org/W1994274844","https://openalex.org/W1995348061","https://openalex.org/W1997928490","https://openalex.org/W2005253126","https://openalex.org/W2017693161","https://openalex.org/W2023523420","https://openalex.org/W2024626134","https://openalex.org/W2027052541","https://openalex.org/W2027161608","https://openalex.org/W2041346243","https://openalex.org/W2044300880","https://openalex.org/W2051751872","https://openalex.org/W2053250079","https://openalex.org/W2053447062","https://openalex.org/W2056551787","https://openalex.org/W2057816532","https://openalex.org/W2057874720","https://openalex.org/W2058464886","https://openalex.org/W2059006576","https://openalex.org/W2060049003","https://openalex.org/W2061697548","https://openalex.org/W2062571237","https://openalex.org/W2070244951","https://openalex.org/W2072252541","https://openalex.org/W2072541443","https://openalex.org/W2073556947","https://openalex.org/W2074019514","https://openalex.org/W2084947863","https://openalex.org/W2086505499","https://openalex.org/W2090312133","https://openalex.org/W2090324810","https://openalex.org/W2090974104","https://openalex.org/W2091269135","https://openalex.org/W2092320571","https://openalex.org/W2104203833","https://openalex.org/W2117700579","https://openalex.org/W2124827694","https://openalex.org/W2131297790","https://openalex.org/W2140571170","https://openalex.org/W2141319951","https://openalex.org/W2144583704","https://openalex.org/W2145353801","https://openalex.org/W2162157043","https://openalex.org/W2174335611","https://openalex.org/W2198192860","https://openalex.org/W2802474795","https://openalex.org/W3022998099","https://openalex.org/W3026158720","https://openalex.org/W3095953955","https://openalex.org/W3110057073","https://openalex.org/W3140060914","https://openalex.org/W4214890421","https://openalex.org/W4229633558","https://openalex.org/W4243031716","https://openalex.org/W4245903791","https://openalex.org/W7056740047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096272625","https://openalex.org/W2697212796","https://openalex.org/W2072425326","https://openalex.org/W7099831304","https://openalex.org/W1971819596","https://openalex.org/W1546440003","https://openalex.org/W2029466409","https://openalex.org/W4300873281","https://openalex.org/W2082742827","https://openalex.org/W2045480320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"interactive":[1],"two\u2010dimensional":[2],"model":[3],"of":[4,32,60,74,83,100,121,125,133,155,170,193,199,222,232,248],"the":[5,23,27,33,41,52,69,86,90,96,101,131,142,151,163,190,200,217,233,241,255,261,264,267,276],"troposphere,":[6,70],"stratosphere,":[7],"and":[8,14,38,79,160],"mesosphere,":[9],"in":[10,26,44,51,85,130,145,216,266,275],"which":[11],"dynamics,":[12],"radiation,":[13],"chemistry":[15],"are":[16,63,93,181],"treated":[17],"interactively,":[18],"is":[19,116,139,173,206,235,238,252],"used":[20],"to":[21,39,57,65,141,253,279],"investigate":[22],"anthropogenic":[24,58],"changes":[25,43,144,251],"steady":[28],"state":[29],"chemical":[30,156],"composition":[31],"atmosphere":[34],"since":[35,89,107],"preindustrial":[36,91,108],"times":[37,109],"assess":[40],"associated":[42,166,270],"radiative":[45,146,202,258],"forcing":[46,165,205,269],"on":[47,158],"climate.":[48],"The":[49,220],"perturbations":[50],"atmospheric":[53],"oxidation":[54],"capacity":[55],"due":[56],"emissions":[59],"source":[61],"gases":[62,172],"found":[64,239],"be":[66],"significant.":[67],"In":[68,95],"an":[71,104],"ozone":[72,105,126,195,228,250],"increase":[73,254,274],"80\u2013120%":[75],"at":[76,214],"northern":[77,218],"midlatitudes":[78,215],"a":[80,119,186,209,281],"global":[81,187],"decrease":[82],"10\u201320%":[84],"OH":[87],"concentration":[88],"period":[92],"calculated.":[94],"polar":[97,134],"lower":[98],"stratosphere":[99,277],"southern":[102],"hemisphere,":[103],"depletion":[106],"reaching":[110],"more":[111],"than":[112],"60%":[113],"during":[114],"spring":[115],"calculated":[117],"as":[118],"result":[120],"rapid":[122],"catalytical":[123],"destruction":[124],"by":[127,175,208,226],"chlorine":[128],"radicals":[129],"presence":[132],"stratospheric":[135,227,249],"clouds.":[136],"Particular":[137],"attention":[138],"given":[140],"induced":[143],"forcing.":[147,259],"These":[148],"results":[149],"stress":[150],"potentially":[152],"important":[153],"role":[154],"feedbacks":[157,180],"climate":[159,224],"indicate":[161],"that":[162,240],"direct":[164,257],"with":[167,271],"increasing":[168],"concentrations":[169],"greenhouse":[171,191],"enhanced":[174],"about":[176],"30%":[177],"when":[178],"these":[179],"taken":[182],"into":[183],"account.":[184],"On":[185,260],"average":[188],"basis,":[189],"effect":[192,247],"tropospheric":[194],"represents":[196],"approximately":[197],"17%":[198],"total":[201],"perturbation.":[203],"This":[204],"characterized":[207],"strong":[210],"latitudinal":[211],"dependence,":[212],"peaking":[213],"hemisphere.":[219],"importance":[221],"indirect":[223,246],"forcings":[225],"(including":[229],"local":[230],"cooling":[231],"stratosphere)":[234],"confirmed.":[236],"It":[237],"net":[242],"(solar":[243],"+":[244],"infrared)":[245],"chlorofluorocarbon":[256],"other":[262],"hand,":[263],"change":[265],"longwave":[268],"water":[272],"vapor":[273],"appears":[278],"play":[280],"minor":[282],"role.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}