{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978581728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","title":"Ethical Considerations for Short-term Experiences by Trainees in Global Health","display_name":"Ethical Considerations for Short-term Experiences by Trainees in Global Health","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978581728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","mag":"1978581728","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18812538","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3164760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3164760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026459900","display_name":"John A. Crump","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-102X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-102X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-2970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John A. Crump","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3867, Durham, NC 27710, USA. crump017@mc.duke.edu","Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3867, Durham, NC 27710, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3867, Durham, NC 27710, USA. crump017@mc.duke.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3867, Durham, NC 27710, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026459900"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":242,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9916008,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"300","issue":"12","first_page":"1456","last_page":"1456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12413","display_name":"Health and Medical Education","score":0.07569999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13839","display_name":"Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-health-ethics","display_name":"global health ethics","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-training-program","display_name":"short-term training program","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residents-medical-training","display_name":"residents (medical training)","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-medical-education","display_name":"international medical education","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-justice","display_name":"principles of justice","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-to-assist","display_name":"duty to assist","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-health-education","display_name":"global health education","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9437962174415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108516343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology","level":2,"score":0.5170732140541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5157046914100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4159945547580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3290897309780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006266","descriptor_name":"Health Education","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006266","descriptor_name":"Health Education","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007393","descriptor_name":"International Educational Exchange","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D038622","descriptor_name":"Internationality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.12.1456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18812538","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18812538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2173050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3164760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3164760","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3164760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/954929","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Ethical+considerations+for+short-term+experiences+by+trainees+in+global+health&title=JAMA:+The+Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association+&volume=300&issue=12&date=2008-09&au=Crump,+John+A.;+Sugarman,+Jeremy","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:319367","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2173050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3164760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6495000123977661,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G238465470","display_name":"AIDS International Training and Research Program","funder_award_id":"D43TW006732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4543572948","display_name":"International Clinical Trials Unit","funder_award_id":"U01AI062563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7604597742","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Unit","funder_award_id":"U01AI069484","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8539471858","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Unit","funder_award_id":"UM1AI069484","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131759424","https://openalex.org/W1525755220","https://openalex.org/W1968157301","https://openalex.org/W1971816555","https://openalex.org/W2003161118","https://openalex.org/W2007552411","https://openalex.org/W2008523412","https://openalex.org/W2043751887","https://openalex.org/W2093548706","https://openalex.org/W2146473867","https://openalex.org/W2146801045","https://openalex.org/W2171885815","https://openalex.org/W2316914913","https://openalex.org/W2418632048","https://openalex.org/W3034849462","https://openalex.org/W3125791771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156745130","https://openalex.org/W2309391007","https://openalex.org/W7096479148","https://openalex.org/W2597479066","https://openalex.org/W2185838266","https://openalex.org/W2948718266","https://openalex.org/W2332365411","https://openalex.org/W2005893923","https://openalex.org/W2130804030","https://openalex.org/W2323014481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0,147],"Health":[1,148],"Programs":[2],"are":[3,78,269],"Burgeon-ing.":[4],"1According":[5],"to":[6,60,83,119,134,215,229,254,265],"a":[7,51,247,251,260],"recent":[8],"review":[9],"of":[10,14,53,100,123,180,187,208,250,258,271],"the":[11,121,137,174,178,206,213,277],"Web":[12],"sites":[13],"129":[15],"accredited":[16],"MD-granting":[17],"US":[18],"medical":[19,125],"schools":[20],"2":[21],"and":[22,56,63,71,91,116,128,155,160,168,182,196,200,239,245,275],"their":[23,231],"parent":[24],"universities,":[25],"almost":[26],"half":[27],"(60;":[28],"47%)":[29],"have":[30,276],"established":[31],"initiatives,":[32],"institutes,":[33],"centers,":[34],"or":[35],"offices":[36],"for":[37,89,139,157],"global":[38,48,113,135,242,261,272],"health.These":[39],"programs":[40,67],"announce":[41],"goals":[42,122],"that":[43,221,267],"include":[44],"reducing":[45,188],"disparities":[46,191],"in":[47,74,94,112,131,152,165,205,223],"health":[49,114,136,190,243,262,273],"through":[50,193],"combination":[52],"research,":[54,194],"education,":[55,195],"service.In":[57],"part":[58],"responding":[59],"student":[61],"demand":[62],"enthusiasm,":[64],"3":[65],"many":[66],"provide":[68],"short-term":[69],"training":[70,90],"service":[72,92,117,197],"experiences":[73,93],"resource-limited":[75,95],"settings.Nevertheless,":[76],"there":[77],"important":[79],"ethical":[80,203],"considerations":[81],"inherent":[82],"sending":[84],"individuals":[85,170],"from":[86],"resource-replete":[87],"settings":[88,226],"settings.7][8]":[96],"We":[97],"describe":[98],"some":[99],"these":[101],"issues":[102,274],"so":[103],"they":[104],"can":[105],"be":[106],"addressed":[107],"explicitly":[108],"by":[109],"those":[110],"engaged":[111],"education":[115],"initiatives":[118],"facilitate":[120],"providing":[124],"students,":[126],"residents,":[127],"other":[129],"trainees":[130],"disciplines":[132],"related":[133],"opportunity":[138],"international":[140],"experience":[141],"while":[142],"minimizing":[143],"unintended":[144],"adverse":[145],"consequences.":[146],"Educational":[149],"OpportunitiesEnormous":[150],"variation":[151],"life":[153],"expectancy":[154],"risk":[156],"preventable":[158],"illness":[159,181],"death":[161],"is":[162,198,253,264],"observed":[163],"both":[164],"country-level":[166],"comparisons":[167],"among":[169],"within":[171],"countries,":[172],"with":[173],"world's":[175],"poor":[176],"bearing":[177],"brunt":[179],"premature":[183],"death.":[184],"9The":[185],"goal":[186],"such":[189],"worldwide":[192],"commendable":[199],"has":[201],"an":[202],"basis":[204],"principle":[207],"justice,":[209],"as":[210,212],"well":[211],"duty":[214],"assist.":[216],"10,11Accordingly,":[217],"it":[218],"makes":[219],"sense":[220],"universities":[222],"more":[224],"prosperous":[225],"might":[227],"bring":[228],"bear":[230],"substantial":[232],"technical":[233],"expertise,":[234],"energy,":[235],"talent,":[236],"research":[237],"capability,":[238],"resources":[240],"on":[241],"challenges":[244],"disparities.Because":[246],"primary":[248],"function":[249],"university":[252],"educate,":[255],"one":[256],"means":[257],"embracing":[259],"agenda":[263],"ensure":[266],"students":[268],"aware":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
