{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978524762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733839","title":"HCN: A plausible source of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids on the primitive earth","display_name":"HCN: A plausible source of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids on the primitive earth","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978524762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733839","mag":"1978524762","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01733839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144184862","display_name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","issn_l":"0022-2844","issn":["0022-2844","1432-1432"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021989480","display_name":"James P. Ferris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Ferris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12181, Troy, NY, USA","Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12181, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064769135","display_name":"P. C. Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0925-1651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0925-1651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12181, Troy, NY, USA","Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12181, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111644428","display_name":"Edward H. Edelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. H. Edelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12181, Troy, NY, USA","Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12181, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110808059","display_name":"John Lawless","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-6911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-6911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. G. Lawless","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, 94035, Moffett Field, CA, USA","NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, 94035, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":294,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98970083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"293","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12827","display_name":"Biochemical and Molecular Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-cyanide","display_name":"hydrogen cyanide","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-life","display_name":"origin of life","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prebiotic-chemistry","display_name":"prebiotic chemistry","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purines","display_name":"purines","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrimidines","display_name":"pyrimidines","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acids","display_name":"amino acids","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orotic-acid","display_name":"orotic acid","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenine","display_name":"adenine","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-hydroxyuracil","display_name":"5-hydroxyuracil","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleotide-biosynthesis","display_name":"nucleotide synthesis","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-earth","display_name":"early Earth","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169586020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3780159","display_name":"Purine metabolism","level":3,"score":0.7997270822525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775851010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425536","display_name":"Orotic acid","level":2,"score":0.7769718170166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94412978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103135","display_name":"Hydrolysis","level":2,"score":0.6448019742965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.6441304683685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512185932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28745","display_name":"Nucleotide","level":3,"score":0.6278918981552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776476023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188261","display_name":"Purine","level":3,"score":0.6201692819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779554091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182990","display_name":"Uracil","level":3,"score":0.6153989434242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49853544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206229","display_name":"Biomolecule","level":2,"score":0.5975837707519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.566945493221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5052583813667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24107716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619","display_name":"Nucleic acid","level":2,"score":0.4586690664291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779321679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207722","display_name":"Pyrimidine","level":2,"score":0.45080652832984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71240020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186011","display_name":"Stereochemistry","level":1,"score":0.41614052653312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36940017342567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.13741269707679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.07748308777809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000596","descriptor_name":"Amino Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006856","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen Cyanide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006868","descriptor_name":"Hydrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009963","descriptor_name":"Orotic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011687","descriptor_name":"Purines","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011743","descriptor_name":"Pyrimidines","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01733839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01733839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144184862","display_name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","issn_l":"0022-2844","issn":["0022-2844","1432-1432"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Molecular Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31491","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of molecular evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176807404","https://openalex.org/W176995825","https://openalex.org/W1488075232","https://openalex.org/W1530759103","https://openalex.org/W1566406366","https://openalex.org/W1974519483","https://openalex.org/W1977205648","https://openalex.org/W1988163980","https://openalex.org/W2001210553","https://openalex.org/W2018329156","https://openalex.org/W2018424476","https://openalex.org/W2033228808","https://openalex.org/W2036474571","https://openalex.org/W2040843996","https://openalex.org/W2071148872","https://openalex.org/W2077542212","https://openalex.org/W2131714015","https://openalex.org/W2313277406","https://openalex.org/W2314253906","https://openalex.org/W4249148975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018673722","https://openalex.org/W2139701735","https://openalex.org/W2036517118","https://openalex.org/W1570440484","https://openalex.org/W2020012094","https://openalex.org/W1964696746","https://openalex.org/W2069936070","https://openalex.org/W1530759103","https://openalex.org/W2084221525","https://openalex.org/W2018424476"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}