{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978484512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","title":"Abnormal Movements in Never-Medicated Indian Patients with Schizophrenia","display_name":"Abnormal Movements in Never-Medicated Indian Patients with Schizophrenia","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978484512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","mag":"1978484512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8837914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057854493","display_name":"Robin G. McCreadie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802899753","display_name":"Crichton Royal Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tckg45","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802899753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. G. McCreadie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries","Crichton Royal Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802899753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crichton Royal Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802899753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045565568","display_name":"RANGASWAMY THARA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-066X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-066X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328782679","display_name":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pwbmp71","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Thara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101458689","display_name":"Sneha Dayanand Kamath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-3330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-3330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328782679","display_name":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pwbmp71","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kamath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044318688","display_name":"R. Padmavathi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328782679","display_name":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pwbmp71","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Padmavathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041132062","display_name":"S. Prasanna Latha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-0267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-0267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328782679","display_name":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pwbmp71","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Latha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022584575","display_name":"N. Mathrubootham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Mathrubootham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Railway Hospital, Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Railway Hospital, Madras, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. S. Menon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328782679","display_name":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pwbmp71","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. S. Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schizophrenia Research Foundation (India), C-46, 13th Street, Anna Nagar East, Madras \u2013 600 040, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328782679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057854493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802899753"],"apc_list":{"value":4920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93629533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"168","issue":"2","first_page":"221","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyskinesia","display_name":"dyskinesia","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-disorders","display_name":"movement disorders","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsonism","display_name":"parkinsonism","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/akathisia","display_name":"akathisia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-patients","display_name":"elderly patients","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-symptoms","display_name":"negative symptoms","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-degree-relatives","display_name":"first-degree relatives","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6561328172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4056828022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3905051350593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3848956823348999}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004409","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004409","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004409","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004409","descriptor_name":"Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007326","descriptor_name":"Institutionalization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010302","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease, Secondary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010302","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease, Secondary","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010302","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease, Secondary","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010302","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease, Secondary","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012565","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenic Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017109","descriptor_name":"Akathisia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017109","descriptor_name":"Akathisia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017109","descriptor_name":"Akathisia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017109","descriptor_name":"Akathisia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8837914","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8837914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965317512","https://openalex.org/W1992254333","https://openalex.org/W1999689270","https://openalex.org/W2028556605","https://openalex.org/W2085494570","https://openalex.org/W2090052357","https://openalex.org/W2120457333","https://openalex.org/W2125738714","https://openalex.org/W2130732843","https://openalex.org/W2133653803","https://openalex.org/W2133725781","https://openalex.org/W2140606211","https://openalex.org/W2151331628","https://openalex.org/W2165379748","https://openalex.org/W2406667318","https://openalex.org/W2417026390","https://openalex.org/W2434480635","https://openalex.org/W2472388925","https://openalex.org/W4254230094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2472924469","https://openalex.org/W2090052357","https://openalex.org/W2163965390","https://openalex.org/W4283208049","https://openalex.org/W2043120385","https://openalex.org/W2046174347","https://openalex.org/W2041194504","https://openalex.org/W2724419644","https://openalex.org/W2164879674","https://openalex.org/W2135851875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Historical":[1],"records":[2],"suggest":[3],"dyskinesia":[4,24],"was":[5,92,103,178],"observed":[6],"in":[7,14,25,53,65,69,105,186],"severely":[8],"ill":[9],"institutionalised":[10],"patients":[11,52,126,138,150,189],"with":[12,180,200],"schizophrenia":[13],"the":[15,41,73,78,85,95,195],"pre-neuroleptic":[16],"era.":[17],"More":[18],"recent":[19,37],"work":[20,38],"has":[21],"not":[22,198],"found":[23,104],"never-medicated":[26],"younger":[27,124],"and":[28,39,47,80,84,97,146,167,169,175,197],"middle":[29],"aged":[30],"patients.":[31],"The":[32,158],"present":[33],"study":[34],"complements":[35],"this":[36],"avoids":[40],"confounders":[42],"of":[43,45,57,107,118,123,135,148,194],"severity":[44],"illness":[46,196],"institutionalism":[48],"by":[49,94],"examining":[50],"elderly":[51,67,187],"a":[54],"wide":[55],"variety":[56],"community":[58],"settings.":[59],"METHOD:":[60],"Movement":[61],"disorders":[62],"were":[63,163],"examined":[64],"308":[66],"individuals":[68],"Madras,":[70],"India,":[71],"using":[72],"Abnormal":[74],"Involuntary":[75],"Movements":[76],"Scale,":[77],"Simpson":[79],"Angus":[81],"Parkinsonism":[82,162],"Scale":[83],"Barnes":[86],"Akathisia":[87],"Scale.":[88,100],"Patients'":[89],"mental":[90],"state":[91],"assessed":[93],"Positive":[96],"Negative":[98],"Syndrome":[99],"RESULTS:":[101],"Dyskinesia":[102,177,185],"15%":[106,117],"normal":[108],"subjects":[109],"(n":[110,127,139,151],"=":[111,128,140,152],"101,":[112],"mean":[113,130,142,154],"age":[114,131,143,155],"63":[115,132],"years),":[116,133],"first":[119],"degree":[120],"blood":[121],"relatives":[122],"schizophrenic":[125,182,188],"103,":[129],"38%":[134],"never":[136],"medicated":[137,149],"21,":[141],"65":[144],"years)":[145],"41%":[147],"83,":[153],"57":[156],"years).":[157],"respective":[159],"prevalences":[160],"for":[161,170],"6%,":[164],"11%,":[165],"24%":[166],"36%;":[168],"akathisia":[171],"9%,":[172],"5%,":[173],"21%":[174],"23%.":[176],"associated":[179,199],"negative":[181],"symptoms.":[183],"CONCLUSIONS:":[184],"is":[190],"an":[191],"integral":[192],"part":[193],"antipsychotic":[201],"medication.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
