{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978462415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr005i005p00947","title":"The opportunity cost of displaced private spending and the social discount rate","display_name":"The opportunity cost of displaced private spending and the social discount rate","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978462415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr005i005p00947","mag":"1978462415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/wr005i005p00947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr005i005p00947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr005i005p00947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204847658","display_name":"Water Resources Research","issn_l":"0043-1397","issn":["0043-1397","1944-7973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Resources Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030216029","display_name":"ROBERT H. HAVEMAN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Haveman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030216029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98182998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"947","last_page":"957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.576200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.576200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.2401999980211258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":0.06019999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-discount-rate","display_name":"social discount rate","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunity-cost","display_name":"opportunity cost","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-investment","display_name":"capital investment","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intertemporal-trade-offs","display_name":"intertemporal trade-offs","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discount-rate-estimation","display_name":"discount rate estimation","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-economics","display_name":"water economics","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778428519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551053","display_name":"Social discount rate","level":3,"score":0.7713013887405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6545665860176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68359772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185715","display_name":"Opportunity cost","level":2,"score":0.597678542137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5358828902244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.46654653549194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39772117137908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.36566370725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3568880558013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.3469744324684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14042940735816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13090044260025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10229110717773438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/wr005i005p00947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr005i005p00947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/wr005i005p00947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204847658","display_name":"Water Resources Research","issn_l":"0043-1397","issn":["0043-1397","1944-7973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Resources Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585516652","https://openalex.org/W1593923564","https://openalex.org/W1969698482","https://openalex.org/W2078382614","https://openalex.org/W2335674507","https://openalex.org/W2611164527","https://openalex.org/W2798628303","https://openalex.org/W4211069333","https://openalex.org/W4231317785","https://openalex.org/W4244861382","https://openalex.org/W4285194155","https://openalex.org/W6635100498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157565267","https://openalex.org/W7030310777","https://openalex.org/W1994568638","https://openalex.org/W2500865453","https://openalex.org/W2318528804","https://openalex.org/W2524273619","https://openalex.org/W3123784309","https://openalex.org/W1585516652","https://openalex.org/W2748740241","https://openalex.org/W2774655121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"three":[1],"purposes":[2],"of":[3,13,20,43],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"are:":[6],"(1)":[7],"to":[8,27,38,57],"describe":[9],"the":[10,16,21,44],"major":[11],"schools":[12],"thought":[14],"regarding":[15],"meaning":[17],"and":[18,29,36],"calculation":[19],"appropriate":[22,45],"social":[23],"discount":[24,46],"rate,":[25],"(2)":[26],"specify":[28],"defend":[30],"a":[31],"preferred":[32],"opportunity":[33],"cost":[34],"approach,":[35],"(3)":[37],"present":[39],"an":[40],"empiric":[41],"estimate":[42],"rate":[47,54],"under":[48],"conditions":[49],"prevailing":[50],"in":[51],"1966.":[52,61],"This":[53],"was":[55],"found":[56],"be":[58],"7.3%":[59],"for":[60]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
