{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978451201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","title":"Study of railway track stiffness modification by polyurethane reinforcement of the ballast","display_name":"Study of railway track stiffness modification by polyurethane reinforcement of the ballast","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978451201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","mag":"1978451201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764755947","display_name":"Transportation Geotechnics","issn_l":"2214-3912","issn":["2214-3912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Geotechnics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048531702","display_name":"P.K. Woodward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P.K. Woodward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081696978","display_name":"Justin H. Kennedy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technip UK, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technip UK, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080289740","display_name":"Omar Laghrouche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-2753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-2753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Laghrouche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000245183","display_name":"David P. Connolly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-8704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-8704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.P. Connolly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030817866","display_name":"Gabriela M. Medero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-1702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-1702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Medero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048531702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":{"value":3540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3540},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93142732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"214","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyurethane","display_name":"polyurethane","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-loading","display_name":"cyclic loading","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-settlement","display_name":"track settlement","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falling-weight-deflectometer","display_name":"falling weight deflectometer","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterlogging","display_name":"waterlogging","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.9104644060134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125907379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851537","display_name":"Ballast","level":2,"score":0.9062063694000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.8498183488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5439049005508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.5138474106788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47652706503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4600614607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.31702059507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26690760254859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23564216494560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14817556738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09404411911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764755947","display_name":"Transportation Geotechnics","issn_l":"2214-3912","issn":["2214-3912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Geotechnics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:126605","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/126605/1/RailwayTrackStiffnessAAM.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/126605/1/RailwayTrackStiffnessAAM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34902179","https://openalex.org/W94440660","https://openalex.org/W1558181787","https://openalex.org/W1572503953","https://openalex.org/W1994332111","https://openalex.org/W2007715447","https://openalex.org/W2009296635","https://openalex.org/W2029115987","https://openalex.org/W2031867975","https://openalex.org/W2033025759","https://openalex.org/W2037978984","https://openalex.org/W2050877413","https://openalex.org/W2051444297","https://openalex.org/W2072855089","https://openalex.org/W2078221136","https://openalex.org/W2083527457","https://openalex.org/W2092319022","https://openalex.org/W2095614857","https://openalex.org/W2104923080","https://openalex.org/W2153059284","https://openalex.org/W2153301053","https://openalex.org/W2504586020","https://openalex.org/W2617494182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072855089","https://openalex.org/W2322614279","https://openalex.org/W2735400627","https://openalex.org/W2912652605","https://openalex.org/W3163101345","https://openalex.org/W2904340750","https://openalex.org/W2621346144","https://openalex.org/W1571131684","https://openalex.org/W3075283874","https://openalex.org/W4306664836"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
