{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978360666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","title":"Molecular magnetic resonance imaging","display_name":"Molecular magnetic resonance imaging","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978360666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","mag":"1978360666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21614236","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3097616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","pdf_url":"http://www.biij.org/2006/2/e8/e8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109463123","display_name":"Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal","issn_l":"1823-5530","issn":["1823-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321684","host_organization_name":"University of Malaya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Malaya"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.biij.org/2006/2/e8/e8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055183235","display_name":"Arne Hengerer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Hengerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069617434","display_name":"Jan Grimm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-9385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-9385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Grimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Molecular Imaging Research, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States","Siemens Medical Solutions MRET MI , Allee am R\u00f6thelheim 4 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Molecular Imaging Research, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Medical Solutions MRET MI , Allee am R\u00f6thelheim 4 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055183235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80845171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"e8","last_page":"e8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11279","display_name":"Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes","score":0.5199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11279","display_name":"Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes","score":0.5199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.32499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-mri","display_name":"molecular MRI","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-imaging","display_name":"molecular imaging","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-contrast-agents","display_name":"MRI contrast agents","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-relaxation-times","display_name":"tissue relaxation times","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-surface-receptors","display_name":"cell surface receptors","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-tracking","display_name":"cell tracking","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cells","display_name":"stem cells","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liposomes","display_name":"liposomes","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-particles","display_name":"virus particles","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fmri","display_name":"functional MRI","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy","display_name":"magnetic resonance spectroscopy","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-migration","display_name":"cell migration","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiogenesis","display_name":"angiogenesis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-imaging","display_name":"gene expression imaging","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-disease-detection","display_name":"early disease detection","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-medicine","display_name":"molecular medicine","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136339569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142297","display_name":"Molecular imaging","level":3,"score":0.7467483282089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6611246466636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4493447244167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35555481910705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3440464735031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30829089879989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.18378376960754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08843329548835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","pdf_url":"http://www.biij.org/2006/2/e8/e8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109463123","display_name":"Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal","issn_l":"1823-5530","issn":["1823-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321684","host_organization_name":"University of Malaya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Malaya"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2108020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3097616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3097616","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3097616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomed Imaging Interv J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21614236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21614236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical imaging and intervention journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.9508","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.9508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/11/f0/Biomed_Imaging_Interv_J_2006_Apr_1_2(2)_e8.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2349/biij.2.2.e8","pdf_url":"http://www.biij.org/2006/2/e8/e8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109463123","display_name":"Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal","issn_l":"1823-5530","issn":["1823-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321684","host_organization_name":"University of Malaya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321684"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Malaya"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978360666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978360666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492726842","https://openalex.org/W1969044084","https://openalex.org/W1995117364","https://openalex.org/W2017054309","https://openalex.org/W2039171725","https://openalex.org/W2043638187","https://openalex.org/W2093718909","https://openalex.org/W2103262904","https://openalex.org/W2117219226","https://openalex.org/W2120666169","https://openalex.org/W2140611255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097859793","https://openalex.org/W116096775","https://openalex.org/W2367004850","https://openalex.org/W2344337403","https://openalex.org/W2028914600","https://openalex.org/W1581382743","https://openalex.org/W1985853441","https://openalex.org/W2902850572","https://openalex.org/W2782628124","https://openalex.org/W4240827645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Molecular":[0,8,193,289,317],"MRI":[1,65,71,106,122,342],"(mMRI)":[2],"is":[3,133,248,256],"a":[4,166,230],"special":[5],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,14,31,40,75,87,96,129,146,172,178,200,288,326],"Imaging":[9,194,318],"for":[10,35,121,138,190,233,335],"the":[11,18,27,36,84,99,109,127,144,163,187,211,245,254,258,272,286,324],"non-invasive":[12],"visualisation":[13],"biological":[15],"processes":[16],"at":[17,98,210,285],"cellular":[19,102],"and":[20,38,78,111,180,280,291,343],"molecular":[21,41,100,130,234,304,336],"level.":[22,113,215],"More":[23],"specifically,":[24],"mMRI":[25,91,118,132,160],"comprises":[26],"contrast":[28],"agent-mediated":[29],"alteration":[30],"tissue":[32],"relaxation":[33],"times":[34],"detection":[37,171],"localisation":[39],"disease":[42],"markers":[43],"(such":[44,306],"as":[45,307],"cell":[46,147,227],"surface":[47,228],"receptors,":[48,229],"enzymes":[49],"or":[50,58,101,151,176,213],"signaling":[51],"molecules),":[52],"cells":[53],"(e.g.":[54,61],"lymphocytes,":[55],"stem":[56],"cells)":[57],"therapeutic":[59],"drugs":[60],"liposomes,":[62],"viral":[63],"particles).":[64],"yields":[66],"topographical,":[67],"anatomical":[68,110],"maps;":[69],"functional":[70],"(fMRI)":[72],"provides":[73,92],"rendering":[74],"physiologic":[76],"functions":[77],"magnetic":[79],"resonance":[80],"spectroscopy":[81],"(MRS)":[82],"reveals":[83],"distribution":[85],"patterns":[86],"some":[88],"specific":[89],"metabolites.":[90],"an":[93],"additional":[94],"level":[95],"information":[97],"level,":[103],"thus":[104],"extending":[105],"further":[107],"beyond":[108,323],"physiological":[112],"These":[114],"advances":[115],"brought":[116],"by":[117],"are":[119,264,299],"mandatory":[120],"to":[123,142,203,218,302,332],"be":[124,224,333],"competitive":[125],"in":[126,154,169,186,257,266,295],"age":[128],"medicine.":[131,328],"already":[134,300],"today":[135,298],"increasingly":[136],"used":[137],"research":[139],"purposes,":[140],"e.g.":[141],"facilitate":[143],"examination":[145],"migration,":[148],"angiogenesis,":[149],"apoptosis":[150],"gene":[152],"expression":[153,238],"living":[155],"organisms.":[156],"In":[157,313],"medical":[158,188],"diagnostics,":[159],"will":[161,181],"pave":[162],"way":[164],"toward":[165],"significant":[167,184],"improvement":[168,185],"early":[170],"disease,":[173],"therapy":[174],"planning":[175],"monitoring":[177],"outcome":[179],"therefore":[182],"bring":[183],"treatment":[189],"patients.In":[191],"general,":[192],"demands":[195],"high":[196,237,310],"sensitivity":[197],"equipment,":[198],"capable":[199],"quantitative":[201],"measurements":[202],"detect":[204,219,303],"probes":[205,294],"that":[206],"interact":[207],"with":[208,226],"targets":[209,222],"pico-":[212],"nanomolar":[214],"The":[216],"challenge":[217],"such":[220],"sparse":[221],"can":[223],"exemplified":[225],"common":[231],"target":[232],"imaging.":[235],"At":[236],"levels":[239],"(bigger":[240],"than":[241],"106":[242],"per":[243,251],"cell)":[244],"receptor":[246],"concentration":[247,255],"approx.":[249],"10(15)":[250],"ml,":[252],"i.e.":[253],"micromole":[259],"range.":[260],"Many":[261],"targets,":[262],"however,":[263,316],"expressed":[265],"even":[267],"considerably":[268],"lower":[269],"concentrations.":[270],"Therefore":[271],"most":[273],"sensitive":[274],"modalities,":[275],"namely":[276],"nuclear":[277,293,327],"imaging":[278,330,337],"(PET":[279],"SPECT)":[281],"have":[282],"always":[283],"been":[284],"forefront":[287],"Imaging,":[290],"many":[292],"clinical":[296],"use":[297],"designed":[301],"mechanisms":[305],"FDG,":[308],"detecting":[309],"glucose":[311],"metabolism).":[312],"recent":[314],"years":[315],"has":[319],"commanded":[320],"attention":[321],"from":[322],"field":[325],"Further":[329],"modalities":[331],"considered":[334],"primarily":[338],"include":[339],"optical":[340],"imaging,":[341],"ultrasound.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}