{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978201079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","title":"The chemokine system: redundancy for robust outputs","display_name":"The chemokine system: redundancy for robust outputs","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978201079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","mag":"1978201079","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49301140","display_name":"Immunology Today","issn_l":"0167-5699","issn":["0167-5699","1355-8242"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1978201079"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048654641","display_name":"Alberto Mantovani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-236X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-236X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19630809","display_name":"Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05aspc753","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I4210110338","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Mantovani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Via Eritrea 62-20157 Milan Italy. MANTOVANI@irfmn.mnegri.it","Dept of Biotechnology, Section of General Pathology, University of Brescia, Italy","Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Via Eritrea 62-20157 Milan Italy. MANTOVANI@irfmn.mnegri.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Biotechnology, Section of General Pathology, University of Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048654641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19630809","https://openalex.org/I79940851"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":708,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98945783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"254","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11532","display_name":"Chemokine receptors and signaling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11532","display_name":"Chemokine receptors and signaling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11503","display_name":"Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14165","display_name":"Inflammation biomarkers and pathways","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemokines","display_name":"chemokines","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemokine-receptors","display_name":"chemokine receptors","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"redundancy","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"robustness","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemokine-signaling","display_name":"chemokine signaling","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13373296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421866","display_name":"Chemokine","level":3,"score":0.7763847708702087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12823836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24720618","display_name":"Chemokine receptor","level":4,"score":0.6287832260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5956177711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5920185446739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5290041565895081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5148078799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39530766010284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3412632346153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.192163348197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.13559237122535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10770946741104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007962","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007962","descriptor_name":"Leukocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009000","descriptor_name":"Monocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010587","descriptor_name":"Phagocytosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018925","descriptor_name":"Chemokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018925","descriptor_name":"Chemokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018925","descriptor_name":"Chemokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019707","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Chemokine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01469-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49301140","display_name":"Immunology Today","issn_l":"0167-5699","issn":["0167-5699","1355-8242"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10354549","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology today","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555565618","https://openalex.org/W1602835962","https://openalex.org/W1648671938","https://openalex.org/W1652900453","https://openalex.org/W1964120116","https://openalex.org/W1984115097","https://openalex.org/W2001433846","https://openalex.org/W2007021820","https://openalex.org/W2010745090","https://openalex.org/W2020164587","https://openalex.org/W2026444780","https://openalex.org/W2038725731","https://openalex.org/W2042451508","https://openalex.org/W2046842929","https://openalex.org/W2048046765","https://openalex.org/W2049868653","https://openalex.org/W2054698185","https://openalex.org/W2067714902","https://openalex.org/W2081769332","https://openalex.org/W2086937835","https://openalex.org/W2090630729","https://openalex.org/W2111718223","https://openalex.org/W2114639316","https://openalex.org/W2117056464","https://openalex.org/W2117342688","https://openalex.org/W2133029085","https://openalex.org/W2133793569","https://openalex.org/W2142361972","https://openalex.org/W2149663244","https://openalex.org/W2151418316","https://openalex.org/W2157069655","https://openalex.org/W2159017912","https://openalex.org/W2166858952","https://openalex.org/W2462838772","https://openalex.org/W2768658530","https://openalex.org/W4211128585","https://openalex.org/W4313331406","https://openalex.org/W4313333737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981265571","https://openalex.org/W2776534746","https://openalex.org/W1499652269","https://openalex.org/W2397936548","https://openalex.org/W2067409782","https://openalex.org/W114949961","https://openalex.org/W3016180450","https://openalex.org/W1595911427","https://openalex.org/W2033937895","https://openalex.org/W2128845370"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}