{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978196348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","title":"Neurotransmitter interactions in schizophrenia\u2014therapeutic implications","display_name":"Neurotransmitter interactions in schizophrenia\u2014therapeutic implications","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978196348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","mag":"1978196348","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10578453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205482884","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry","issn_l":"0006-3223","issn":["0006-3223","1873-2402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110564232","display_name":"Arvid Carlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2243-7678","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2243-7678"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arvid Carlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103534304","display_name":"Nicholas Waters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-880X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-880X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Waters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028169323","display_name":"Maria Lizzie Carlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-7849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-7849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria L Carlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110564232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":{"value":5489,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5489},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":296,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80434783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"10","first_page":"1388","last_page":"1395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter-interactions","display_name":"neurotransmitter interactions","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine","display_name":"dopamine","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonin","display_name":"serotonin","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-ht2a-receptor-antagonist","display_name":"5-HT2A receptor antagonist","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-symptoms","display_name":"negative symptoms","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-circuits","display_name":"neural circuits","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine","display_name":"clozapine","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.69432532787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.6231681704521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.6182900667190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6156995296478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.5920392870903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221361","display_name":"Clozapine","level":3,"score":0.5644832253456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.564049243927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.5386926531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170457331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242622","display_name":"Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia","level":4,"score":0.536505937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156927020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187783","display_name":"Neurotransmitter receptor","level":3,"score":0.5201849937438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.4734470546245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.463775098323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910715078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","level":4,"score":0.42863765358924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42142510414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.32469674944877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2632036507129669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25410205125808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.13895979523658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09273135662078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007395","descriptor_name":"Interneurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013788","descriptor_name":"Thalamus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016194","descriptor_name":"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016291","descriptor_name":"Dizocilpine Maleate","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018079","descriptor_name":"Receptors, GABA","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000172","qualifier_name":"deficiency","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00117-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205482884","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry","issn_l":"0006-3223","issn":["0006-3223","1873-2402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10578453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10578453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138717034","https://openalex.org/W1508825618","https://openalex.org/W1856679114","https://openalex.org/W1969029136","https://openalex.org/W1970710319","https://openalex.org/W1972579416","https://openalex.org/W1972758435","https://openalex.org/W1975285450","https://openalex.org/W1984762359","https://openalex.org/W1986333603","https://openalex.org/W1988836643","https://openalex.org/W1996327177","https://openalex.org/W2020140305","https://openalex.org/W2031170958","https://openalex.org/W2036668847","https://openalex.org/W2052651441","https://openalex.org/W2054484015","https://openalex.org/W2061506085","https://openalex.org/W2063505213","https://openalex.org/W2076248883","https://openalex.org/W2076953813","https://openalex.org/W2086759702","https://openalex.org/W2133285326","https://openalex.org/W2138067285","https://openalex.org/W2144838030","https://openalex.org/W2150760506","https://openalex.org/W2319700915","https://openalex.org/W2341042406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980130208","https://openalex.org/W2321080298","https://openalex.org/W2427519459","https://openalex.org/W2074169473","https://openalex.org/W2081550080","https://openalex.org/W2144064525","https://openalex.org/W4237030771","https://openalex.org/W2138563969","https://openalex.org/W1987249329","https://openalex.org/W2006342169"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}