{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978105052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","title":"Triplet Energies of \u03c0 -Conjugated Polymers","display_name":"Triplet Energies of \u03c0 -Conjugated Polymers","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978105052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","mag":"1978105052","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11178083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1535946/1/Published%20Journal%20Article","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019685830","display_name":"Andrew P. Monkman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-8640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-8640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. P. Monkman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047738872","display_name":"Hugh Douglas Burrows","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-2298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-2298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. D. Burrows","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3049, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3049, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036174779","display_name":"L. J. Hartwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. J. Hartwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113693594","display_name":"Lockhart E. Horsburgh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. E. Horsburgh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036430713","display_name":"Ian Hamblett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129527","display_name":"Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037405c78","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801316944","https://openalex.org/I28407311","https://openalex.org/I4210129527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131968","display_name":"The Christie Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03nd63441","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131968","https://openalex.org/I4210133995"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Hamblett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129527","https://openalex.org/I4210131968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109207834","display_name":"S. Navaratnam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129527","display_name":"Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037405c78","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801316944","https://openalex.org/I28407311","https://openalex.org/I4210129527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131968","display_name":"The Christie Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03nd63441","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131968","https://openalex.org/I4210133995"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Navaratnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129527","https://openalex.org/I4210131968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":258,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99772716,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"7","first_page":"1358","last_page":"1361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.7192000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.7192000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.12229999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11129","display_name":"Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies","score":0.09009999781847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triplet-energy","display_name":"triplet energy","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugated-polymers","display_name":"conjugated polymers","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triplet-energy-transfer","display_name":"triplet energy transfer","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singlet-triplet-energy-gap","display_name":"singlet-triplet energy gap","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-correlation","display_name":"electron correlation","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triplet-ground-state","display_name":"triplet ground state","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-radiolysis","display_name":"pulse radiolysis","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33062035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3296863","display_name":"Singlet state","level":3,"score":0.5877184867858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5610306859016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112613896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898370","display_name":"Conjugated system","level":3,"score":0.48304110765457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66887884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126498","display_name":"Radiolysis","level":3,"score":0.4810200333595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.47640883922576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.4720020294189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69523127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008","display_name":"Ground state","level":2,"score":0.43280303478240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4297259449958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41809308528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38291001319885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.230345219373703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.14837369322776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.14422836899757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.1358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11178083","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11178083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:1373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/1373/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters, 2001, Vol.86(7), pp.1358-1361 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:4519","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/4519/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters, 2001, Vol.86(7), pp.1358-1361 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1535946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1535946","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1535946/1/Published%20Journal%20Article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1613426","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1613426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eldorado.tu-dortmund.de:2003/18366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2003/18366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400811","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210148506","host_organization_name":"Erich-Brost-Institut","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"doi:10.17877/de290r-12522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17877/de290r-12522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17877/de290r-12522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400811","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund Eldorado (Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210148506","host_organization_name":"Erich-Brost-Institut","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:1535946","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1535946","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/1535946/1/Published%20Journal%20Article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978105052.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978105052.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232365644","https://openalex.org/W1657433554","https://openalex.org/W1971145138","https://openalex.org/W1975970309","https://openalex.org/W1990892634","https://openalex.org/W2002546101","https://openalex.org/W2004973041","https://openalex.org/W2008625618","https://openalex.org/W2010648924","https://openalex.org/W2011227787","https://openalex.org/W2020443100","https://openalex.org/W2039417338","https://openalex.org/W2042364697","https://openalex.org/W2047520624","https://openalex.org/W2051496898","https://openalex.org/W2056818876","https://openalex.org/W2072255186","https://openalex.org/W2073771092","https://openalex.org/W2075365352","https://openalex.org/W2081087654","https://openalex.org/W2090754424","https://openalex.org/W2092447231","https://openalex.org/W2094102905","https://openalex.org/W2094366235","https://openalex.org/W2117150907","https://openalex.org/W2125972957","https://openalex.org/W2146295634","https://openalex.org/W2160799833","https://openalex.org/W2164634673","https://openalex.org/W2624510066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175681325","https://openalex.org/W2007656090","https://openalex.org/W2028458830","https://openalex.org/W2070466520","https://openalex.org/W1987620130","https://openalex.org/W4221031063","https://openalex.org/W1975280989","https://openalex.org/W1569574391","https://openalex.org/W1969850588","https://openalex.org/W2091264453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"pulse":[1],"radiolysis":[2],"and":[3],"triplet":[4,13,46,94],"energy":[5],"transfer":[6],"has":[7],"enabled":[8],"us":[9],"to":[10,36],"measure":[11],"the":[12,29,40,56,64],"energies":[14],"in":[15],"a":[16,93],"broad":[17],"range":[18],"of":[19,33,44],"different":[20,75],"pi-conjugated":[21],"polymers.":[22],"In":[23],"all":[24],"cases":[25],"we":[26],"find":[27],"that":[28,55,84],"1":[30,37,41,57,65],"(3)B(u)":[31,59],"is":[32],"order":[34],"0.6":[35],"eV":[38,90],"below":[39],"(1)B(u),":[42],"indicative":[43],"localized":[45],"states":[47],"with":[48,73,86],"strong":[49],"electron-electron":[50],"correlation.":[51],"We":[52],"also":[53],"observe":[54],"(1)A(g)-1":[58,66],"gap":[60,68,88],"decreases":[61,69],"linearly":[62],"as":[63],"(1)B(u)":[67],"even":[70],"though":[71],"polymers":[72,85],"very":[74],"structure":[76],"have":[77,92],"been":[78],"studied.":[79],"This":[80],"surprising":[81],"result":[82],"suggests":[83],"singlet":[87],"<1.3":[89],"will":[91],"ground":[95],"state.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}