{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978008338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","title":"Introduction: The International Mobility of Brains: Exodus or Circulation?","display_name":"Introduction: The International Mobility of Brains: Exodus or Circulation?","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978008338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","mag":"1978008338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/097172189700200202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/097172189700200202?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202144432","display_name":"Science Technology and Society","issn_l":"0971-7218","issn":["0971-7218","0973-0796"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science, Technology and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/097172189700200202?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110826151","display_name":"Jacques Gaillard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2540865","display_name":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais","ror":"https://ror.org/047hdnt12","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2540865"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Gaillard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche Scientifique pour le D\u00e9veloppement en Coop\u00e9ration (ORSTOM), LSSD, 32 avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche Scientifique pour le D\u00e9veloppement en Coop\u00e9ration (ORSTOM), LSSD, 32 avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2540865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109945682","display_name":"Anne Marie Gaillard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Marie Gaillard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coteaux Briards, 91800 BRUNOY, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coteaux Briards, 91800 BRUNOY, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7503,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94787444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"195","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13726","display_name":"International Science and Diplomacy","score":0.2410999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13726","display_name":"International Science and Diplomacy","score":0.2410999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.19140000641345978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.14830000698566437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-mobility-of-researchers","display_name":"international mobility of researchers","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-drain","display_name":"brain drain","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-circulation","display_name":"brain circulation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-of-scholars","display_name":"migration of scholars","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-development","display_name":"science and development","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circulation-of-ideas","display_name":"circulation of ideas","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11111821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205880","display_name":"Circulation (fluid dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7655096650123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10437223315238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10026717185974121}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/097172189700200202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/097172189700200202?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202144432","display_name":"Science Technology and Society","issn_l":"0971-7218","issn":["0971-7218","0973-0796"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science, Technology and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/097172189700200202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/097172189700200202","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/097172189700200202?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202144432","display_name":"Science Technology and Society","issn_l":"0971-7218","issn":["0971-7218","0973-0796"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science, Technology and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978008338.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1978008338.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17785619","https://openalex.org/W642202561","https://openalex.org/W1625042804","https://openalex.org/W1971047839","https://openalex.org/W1976743339","https://openalex.org/W1976867038","https://openalex.org/W1977480447","https://openalex.org/W1985899892","https://openalex.org/W1990370385","https://openalex.org/W2007091192","https://openalex.org/W2016721435","https://openalex.org/W2029777867","https://openalex.org/W2035258296","https://openalex.org/W2061714095","https://openalex.org/W2062975794","https://openalex.org/W2066058913","https://openalex.org/W2083424019","https://openalex.org/W2086336799","https://openalex.org/W2093813024","https://openalex.org/W2106409719","https://openalex.org/W2165289743","https://openalex.org/W2174981938","https://openalex.org/W2233429670","https://openalex.org/W2559686393","https://openalex.org/W2792509653","https://openalex.org/W4213023935","https://openalex.org/W4214632108","https://openalex.org/W4242512951","https://openalex.org/W4256290197","https://openalex.org/W4299702055","https://openalex.org/W4299846046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2746531076","https://openalex.org/W2045110115","https://openalex.org/W4231522998","https://openalex.org/W2792680375","https://openalex.org/W2906170534","https://openalex.org/W91517862","https://openalex.org/W3033691419","https://openalex.org/W1590213160","https://openalex.org/W3042552340","https://openalex.org/W6939681660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"MOVEMENT":[1],"OF":[2],"scientists":[3],"and":[4,28,33,42],"scholars":[5],"throughout":[6],"the":[7,15,24,30,34,46],"world":[8],"is":[9],"as":[10,12],"old":[11],"science":[13,18],"itself.From":[14],"very":[16],"beginning":[17],"has":[19],"been":[20],"built":[21],"up":[22],"through":[23],"circulation":[25],"of":[26],"men":[27],"ideas.In":[29],"late":[31],"1960s":[32],"early":[35],"1970s,":[36],"however,":[37],"this":[38],"mobility":[39],"applied":[40],"increasingly":[41],"more":[43],"massively":[44],"to":[45],"developing":[47],"countries.Embedded":[48],"in":[49],"an":[50]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}