{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978005180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","title":"What determines EU decision making? Needs, power or both?","display_name":"What determines EU decision making? Needs, power or both?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978005180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","mag":"1978005180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99606308","display_name":"Economic Policy","issn_l":"0266-4658","issn":["0266-4658","1468-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034044027","display_name":"Heikki Kauppi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-102X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-102X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Kauppi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Helsinki; Turku School of Economics and Business Administration;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki; Turku School of Economics and Business Administration;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056076141","display_name":"Mika T. Widgren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192156838","display_name":"Research Institute of the Finnish Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/0262pp157","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192156838"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Widgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy and CEPR","University of Helsinki; Turku School of Economics and Business Administration;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy and CEPR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192156838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Helsinki; Turku School of Economics and Business Administration;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":6468,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":7310},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.8262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99129902,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"39","first_page":"222","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.8070999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.8070999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.1860000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-decision-making","display_name":"EU decision-making","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/council-of-the-european-union","display_name":"Council of the European Union","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting-power","display_name":"voting power","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-indices","display_name":"power indices","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-budget-allocation","display_name":"EU budget allocation","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-solidarity","display_name":"solidarity principle","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-politics","display_name":"power politics","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlated-preferences","display_name":"correlated preferences","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-member-states","display_name":"EU member states","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8331552147865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815726","display_name":"Solidarity","level":3,"score":0.7856163382530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6909406185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6578089594841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.6267940998077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777861868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member state","level":4,"score":0.5910012125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4712942838668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.46889394521713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4640018343925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4404311776161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019422483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member states","level":3,"score":0.38790273666381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3790607452392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34610456228256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.17991521954536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17634513974189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14422520995140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99606308","display_name":"Economic Policy","issn_l":"0266-4658","issn":["0266-4658","1468-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:ecpoli:v:19:y:2004:i:39:p:221-266","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2004.00123.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:economicpolicy:19/39/222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://economicpolicy.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/39/222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1228642","https://openalex.org/W1493793733","https://openalex.org/W1562353621","https://openalex.org/W1968131986","https://openalex.org/W1994793992","https://openalex.org/W1999983866","https://openalex.org/W2002616065","https://openalex.org/W2035839185","https://openalex.org/W2049088909","https://openalex.org/W2053807360","https://openalex.org/W2058722597","https://openalex.org/W2062407068","https://openalex.org/W2069063621","https://openalex.org/W2092353562","https://openalex.org/W2101586208","https://openalex.org/W2113312317","https://openalex.org/W2119559811","https://openalex.org/W2130103203","https://openalex.org/W2135467388","https://openalex.org/W2141648666","https://openalex.org/W2150334392","https://openalex.org/W2154937320","https://openalex.org/W2172146192","https://openalex.org/W2292023371","https://openalex.org/W2314156745","https://openalex.org/W2332896953","https://openalex.org/W3121248382","https://openalex.org/W3122896559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189197719","https://openalex.org/W2624937561","https://openalex.org/W2147298971","https://openalex.org/W7046828348","https://openalex.org/W4387586807","https://openalex.org/W1531848320","https://openalex.org/W2070476074","https://openalex.org/W2221880279","https://openalex.org/W1574890512","https://openalex.org/W2035834742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,8,11,29,43,68,84,94,114,117,140,151,155,178,185,196,210],"determinants":[4],"of":[5,10,28,32,45,67,70,75,83,93,103,116,124,139,195,209],"power":[6,18,33,54,61,148,167,186,202],"in":[7,227],"Council":[9,211],"European":[12],"Union.":[13],"It":[14],"argues":[15],"that":[16,135,169,184,201,214],"quantitative":[17],"indices":[19,47],"stemming":[20],"from":[21],"voting":[22,166,175,218],"theory":[23],"provide":[24],"a":[25,64,90,206],"good":[26],"description":[27],"actual":[30],"distribution":[31],"among":[34],"EU":[35,76,85,118,158,221,228],"members.":[36],"Of":[37],"course,":[38],"we":[39,57,87,163],"cannot":[40],"directly":[41],"verify":[42],"accuracy":[44],"such":[46],"since":[48],"it":[49],"is":[50,108],"impossible":[51],"to":[52,146,154],"measure":[53],"directly.":[55],"Instead,":[56],"evaluate":[58],"whether":[59],"these":[60],"measures":[62,123,168],"explain":[63,190,205],"quantifiable":[65],"manifestation":[66],"exercise":[69],"power,":[71],"namely":[72],"members\u2019":[73,97],"shares":[74,120],"budget":[77,119,141,159,197],"allocation.":[78],"As":[79],"an":[80],"alternative":[81],"explanation":[82],"budget,":[86,95],"also":[88],"consider":[89],"\u2018needs":[91],"view\u2019":[92],"where":[96],"allocations":[98],"are":[99],"determined":[100],"by":[101],"principles":[102],"solidarity.":[104],"Our":[105,132],"empirical":[106],"analysis":[107],"based":[109],"on":[110,113,122],"1976\u20132001":[111],"data":[112],"patterns":[115,176],"and":[121,129,150,173,213,217,234],"each":[125],"member":[126,179],"state's":[127],"needs":[128],"political":[130],"power.":[131],"results":[133],"indicate":[134,183],"at":[136],"least":[137],"60%":[138],"expenditures":[142],"can":[143,189,204],"be":[144],"attributed":[145],"selfish":[147],"politics":[149,187,203],"remaining":[152],"40%":[153],"declared":[156],"benevolent":[157],"policies.":[160],"However,":[161],"when":[162],"apply":[164],"specific":[165],"allow":[170],"correlated":[171,215],"preferences":[172,216],"cooperative":[174],"between":[177,220],"states,":[180],"our":[181],"estimates":[182],"view":[188],"as":[191,193],"much":[192],"90%":[194],"shares.":[198],"We":[199],"conclude":[200],"major":[207],"part":[208],"decisions":[212],"cooperation":[219],"countries":[222],"potentially":[223],"play":[224],"significant":[225],"roles":[226],"decision":[229],"making.":[230],"\u2014":[231],"Heikki":[232],"Kauppi":[233],"Mika":[235],"Widgr\u00e9n":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
